#$FreeBSD$
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-06 11:07-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: en_US\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2
msgctxt "_"
msgid "translator-credits"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: article.translate.xml:4
msgid "Implementing UFS Journaling on a Desktop PC"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: affiliation/address
#: article.translate.xml:8
#, no-wrap
msgid "<email>manolis@FreeBSD.org</email>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/author
#: article.translate.xml:7
msgid ""
"<personname><firstname>Manolis</firstname><surname>Kiagias</surname></"
"personname><affiliation> <_:address-1/> </affiliation>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/copyright
#: article.translate.xml:11
msgid ""
"<year>2008</year> <holder role=\"mailto:manolis@FreeBSD.org\">Manolis "
"Kiagias</holder>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/pubdate
#. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo
#: article.translate.xml:16 article.translate.xml:18
msgid ""
"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/gjournal-desktop/article.xml 51348 "
"2017-12-30 22:56:56Z eadler $"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:21
msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:23
msgid ""
"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish "
"their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in "
"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the "
"designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</"
"quote> symbol."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: abstract/para
#: article.translate.xml:32
msgid ""
"A journaling file system uses a log to record all transactions that take "
"place in the file system, and preserves its integrity in the event of a "
"system crash or power failure. Although it is still possible to lose unsaved "
"changes to files, journaling almost completely eliminates the possibility of "
"file system corruption caused by an unclean shutdown. It also shortens to a "
"minimum the time required for after-failure file system checking. Although "
"the UFS file system employed by FreeBSD does not implement journaling "
"itself, the new journal class of the GEOM framework in FreeBSD 7."
"<replaceable>X</replaceable> can be used to provide file system independent "
"journaling. This article explains how to implement UFS journaling on a "
"typical desktop PC scenario."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:48
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:50
msgid ""
"While professional servers are usually well protected from unforeseen "
"shutdowns, the typical desktop is at the mercy of power failures, accidental "
"resets, and other user related incidents that can lead to unclean shutdowns. "
"Soft Updates usually protect the file system efficiently in such cases, "
"although most of the times a lengthy background check is required. On rare "
"occasions, file system corruption reaches a point where user intervention is "
"required and data may be lost."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:59
msgid ""
"The new journaling capability provided by GEOM can greatly assist in such "
"scenarios, by virtually eliminating the time required for file system "
"checking, and ensuring that the file system is quickly restored to a "
"consistent state."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:64
msgid ""
"This article describes a procedure for implementing UFS journaling on a "
"typical desktop PC scenario (one hard disk used for both operating system "
"and data). It should be followed during a fresh installation of FreeBSD. The "
"steps are simple enough and do not require overly complex interaction with "
"the command line."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:70
msgid "After reading this article, you will know:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:74
msgid ""
"How to reserve space for journaling during a new installation of FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:79
msgid ""
"How to load and enable the <literal>geom_journal</literal> module (or build "
"support for it in your custom kernel)."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:84
msgid ""
"How to convert your existing file systems to utilize journaling, and what "
"options to use in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to mount them."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:90
msgid "How to implement journaling in new (empty) partitions."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:94
msgid "How to troubleshoot common problems associated with journaling."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:99
msgid "Before reading this article, you should be able to:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:103
msgid ""
"Understand basic <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> and "
"FreeBSD concepts."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:107
msgid ""
"Be familiar with the installation procedure of FreeBSD and the "
"<application>sysinstall</application> utility."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: article.translate.xml:113
msgid ""
"The procedure described here is intended for preparing a new installation "
"where no actual user data is stored on the disk yet. While it is possible to "
"modify and extend this procedure for systems already in production, you "
"should <emphasis>backup</emphasis> all important data before doing so. "
"Messing around with disks and partitions at a low level can lead to fatal "
"mistakes and data loss."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:124
msgid "Understanding Journaling in FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:126
msgid ""
"The journaling provided by GEOM in FreeBSD 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> is "
"not file system specific (unlike for example the ext3 file system in "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>) but is functioning at the "
"block level. Though this means it can be applied to different file systems, "
"for FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE, it can only be used on UFS2."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:132
msgid ""
"This functionality is provided by loading the <filename>geom_journal.ko</"
"filename> module into the kernel (or building it into a custom kernel) and "
"using the <command>gjournal</command> command to configure the file systems. "
"In general, you would like to journal large file systems, like <filename>/"
"usr</filename>. You will need however (see the following section) to reserve "
"some free disk space."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:140
msgid ""
"When a file system is journaled, some disk space is needed to keep the "
"journal itself. The disk space that holds the actual data is referred to as "
"the <emphasis>data provider</emphasis>, while the one that holds the journal "
"is referred to as the <emphasis>journal provider</emphasis>. The data and "
"journal providers need to be on different partitions when journaling an "
"existing (non-empty) partition. When journaling a new partition, you have "
"the option to use a single provider for both data and journal. In any case, "
"the <command>gjournal</command> command combines both providers to create "
"the final journaled file system. For example:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:153
msgid ""
"You wish to journal your <filename>/usr</filename> file system, stored in "
"<filename>/dev/ad0s1f</filename> (which already contains data)."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:159
msgid ""
"You reserved some free disk space in a partition in <filename>/dev/ad0s1g</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:164
msgid ""
"Using <command>gjournal</command>, a new <filename>/dev/ad0s1f.journal</"
"filename> device is created where <filename>/dev/ad0s1f</filename> is the "
"data provider, and <filename>/dev/ad0s1g</filename> is the journal provider. "
"This new device is then used for all subsequent file operations."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:172
msgid ""
"The amount of disk space you need to reserve for the journal provider "
"depends on the usage load of the file system and not on the size of the data "
"provider. For example on a typical office desktop, a 1 GB journal provider "
"for the <filename>/usr</filename> file system will suffice, while a machine "
"that deals with heavy disk I/O (i.e. video editing) may need more. A kernel "
"panic will occur if the journal space is exhausted before it has a chance to "
"be committed."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: article.translate.xml:182
msgid ""
"The journal sizes suggested here, are highly unlikely to cause problems in "
"typical desktop use (such as web browsing, word processing and playback of "
"media files). If your workload includes intense disk activity, use the "
"following rule for maximum reliability: Your RAM size should fit in 30% of "
"the journal provider's space. For example, if your system has 1 GB RAM, "
"create an approximately 3.3 GB journal provider. (Multiply your RAM size "
"with 3.3 to obtain the size of the journal)."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:192
msgid ""
"For more information about journaling, please read the manual page of "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gjournal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:197
msgid "Steps During the Installation of FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: article.translate.xml:200
msgid "Reserving Space for Journaling"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:202
msgid ""
"A typical desktop machine usually has one hard disk that stores both the OS "
"and user data. Arguably, the default partitioning scheme selected by "
"<application>sysinstall</application> is more or less suitable: A desktop "
"machine does not need a large <filename>/var</filename> partition, while "
"<filename>/usr</filename> is allocated the bulk of the disk space, since "
"user data and a lot of packages are installed into its subdirectories."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:210
msgid ""
"The default partitioning (the one obtained by pressing <keycap>A</keycap> at "
"the FreeBSD partition editor, called <application>Disklabel</application>) "
"does not leave any unallocated space. Each partition that will be journaled, "
"requires another partition for the journal. Since the <filename>/usr</"
"filename> partition is the largest, it makes sense to shrink this partition "
"slightly, to obtain the space required for journaling."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:217
msgid ""
"In our example, an 80 GB disk is used. The following screenshot shows the "
"default partitions created by <application>Disklabel</application> during "
"installation:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: article.translate.xml:223
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='disklabel1' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:227
msgid ""
"If this is more or less what you need, it is very easy to adjust for "
"journaling. Simply use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the "
"<filename>/usr</filename> partition and press <keycap>D</keycap> to delete "
"it."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:233
msgid ""
"Now, move the highlight to the disk name at the top of the screen and press "
"<keycap>C</keycap> to create a new partition for <filename>/usr</filename>. "
"This new partition should be smaller by 1 GB (if you intend to journal "
"<filename>/usr</filename> only), or 2 GB (if you intend to journal both "
"<filename>/usr</filename> and <filename>/var</filename>). From the pop-up "
"that appears, opt to create a file system, and type <filename>/usr</"
"filename> as the mount point."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: article.translate.xml:243
msgid ""
"Should you journal the <filename>/var</filename> partition? Normally, "
"journaling makes sense on quite large partitions. You may decide not to "
"journal <filename>/var</filename>, although doing so on a typical desktop "
"will cause no harm. If the file system is lightly used (quite probable for a "
"desktop) you may wish to allocate less disk space for its journal."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: article.translate.xml:250
msgid ""
"In our example, we journal both <filename>/usr</filename> and <filename>/"
"var</filename>. You may of course adjust the procedure to your own needs."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:255
msgid ""
"To keep things as easy going as possible, we are going to use "
"<application>sysinstall</application> to create the partitions required for "
"journaling. However, during installation, <application>sysinstall</"
"application> insists on asking a mount point for each partition you create. "
"At this point, you do not have any mount points for the partitions that will "
"hold the journals, and in reality you <emphasis>do not even need them</"
"emphasis>. These are not partitions that we are ever going to mount "
"somewhere."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:264
msgid ""
"To avoid these problems with <application>sysinstall</application>, we are "
"going to create the journal partitions as swap space. Swap is never mounted, "
"and <application>sysinstall</application> has no problem creating as many "
"swap partitions as needed. After the first reboot, <filename>/etc/fstab</"
"filename> will have to be edited, and the extra swap space entries removed."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:272
msgid ""
"To create the swap, again use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the "
"top of <application>Disklabel</application> screen, so that the disk name "
"itself is highlighted. Then press <keycap>N</keycap>, enter the desired size "
"(<replaceable>1024M</replaceable>), and select <quote>swap space</quote> "
"from the pop-up menu that appears. Repeat for every journal you wish to "
"create. In our example, we create two partitions to provide for the journals "
"of <filename>/usr</filename> and <filename>/var</filename>. The final result "
"is shown in the following screenshot:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata
#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When
#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to
#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to
#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.
#: article.translate.xml:285
msgctxt "_"
msgid "external ref='disklabel2' md5='__failed__'"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:289
msgid ""
"When you have completed creating the partitions, we suggest you write down "
"the partition names, and mount points, so you can easily refer to this "
"information during the configuration phase. This will help alleviate "
"mistakes that may damage your installation. The following table shows our "
"notes for the sample configuration:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: table/title
#: article.translate.xml:296
msgid "Partitions and Journals"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:300
msgid "Partition"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:301
msgid "Mount Point"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:302
msgid "Journal"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:308
msgid "ad0s1d"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:309
msgid "/var"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:310
msgid "ad0s1h"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:314
msgid "ad0s1f"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:315
msgid "/usr"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:316
msgid "ad0s1g"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:322
msgid ""
"Continue the installation as you would normally do. We would however suggest "
"you postpone installation of third party software (packages) until you have "
"completely setup journaling."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: article.translate.xml:328
msgid "Booting for the first time"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:330
msgid ""
"Your system will come up normally, but you will need to edit <filename>/etc/"
"fstab</filename> and remove the extra swap partitions you created for the "
"journals. Normally, the swap partition you will actually use is the one with "
"the <quote>b</quote> suffix (i.e. ad0s1b in our example). Remove all other "
"swap space entries and reboot so that FreeBSD will stop using them."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:337
msgid ""
"When the system comes up again, we will be ready to configure journaling."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:343
msgid "Setting Up Journaling"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: article.translate.xml:346
msgid "Executing <command>gjournal</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:348
msgid ""
"Having prepared all the required partitions, it is quite easy to configure "
"journaling. We will need to switch to single user mode, so login as "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> and type:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:352 article.translate.xml:584
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>shutdown now</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:354
msgid ""
"Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to get the default shell. We will need to "
"unmount the partitions that will be journaled, in our example <filename>/"
"usr</filename> and <filename>/var</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:358 article.translate.xml:588
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>umount /usr /var</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:360
msgid "Load the module required for journaling:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:362
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal load</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:364
msgid ""
"Now, use your notes to determine which partition will be used for each "
"journal. In our example, <filename>/usr</filename> is <filename>ad0s1f</"
"filename> and its journal will be <filename>ad0s1g</filename>, while "
"<filename>/var</filename> is <filename>ad0s1d</filename> and will be "
"journaled to <filename>ad0s1h</filename>. The following commands are "
"required:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:372
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1f ad0s1g</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.\n"
"\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: article.translate.xml:383
msgid ""
"If the last sector of either partition is used, <command>gjournal</command> "
"will return an error. You will have to run the command using the <option>-f</"
"option> flag to force an overwrite, i.e.:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/screen
#: article.translate.xml:388
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal label -f ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: article.translate.xml:390
msgid ""
"Since this is a new installation, it is highly unlikely that anything will "
"be actually overwritten."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:393
msgid ""
"At this point, two new devices are created, namely <filename>ad0s1d.journal</"
"filename> and <filename>ad0s1f.journal</filename>. These represent the "
"<filename>/var</filename> and <filename>/usr</filename> partitions we have "
"to mount. Before mounting, we must however set the journal flag on them and "
"clear the Soft Updates flag:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:400
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1d.journal</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"tunefs: gjournal set\n"
"tunefs: soft updates cleared\n"
"\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1f.journal</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"tunefs: gjournal set\n"
"tunefs: soft updates cleared"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:410
msgid ""
"Now, mount the new devices manually at their respective places (note that we "
"can now use the <option>async</option> mount option):"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:414
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1d.journal /var</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1f.journal /usr</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:417
msgid ""
"Edit <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and update the entries for <filename>/"
"usr</filename> and <filename>/var</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:420
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/dev/ad0s1f.journal     /usr            ufs     rw,async      2       2\n"
"/dev/ad0s1d.journal     /var            ufs     rw,async      2       2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: warning/para
#: article.translate.xml:424
msgid ""
"Make sure the above entries are correct, or you will have trouble starting "
"up normally after you reboot!"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:428
msgid ""
"Finally, edit <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> and add the following "
"line so the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gjournal</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> module is loaded at "
"every boot:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:432
#, no-wrap
msgid "geom_journal_load=\"YES\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:434
msgid ""
"Congratulations! Your system is now set for journaling. You can either type "
"<userinput>exit</userinput> to return to multi-user mode, or reboot to test "
"your configuration (recommended). During the boot you will see messages like "
"the following:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:439
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ad0: 76293MB XEC XE800JD-00HBC0 08.02D08 at ata0-master SATA150\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:447
msgid "After an unclean shutdown, the messages will vary slightly, i.e.:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:450
#, no-wrap
msgid "GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d consistent."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:452
msgid ""
"This usually means that <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gjournal</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> used the information "
"in the journal provider to return the file system to a consistent state."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: article.translate.xml:458
msgid "Journaling Newly Created Partitions"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:460
msgid ""
"While the above procedure is necessary for journaling partitions that "
"already contain data, journaling an empty partition is somewhat easier, "
"since both the data and the journal provider can be stored in the same "
"partition. For example, assume a new disk was installed, and a new partition "
"<filename>/dev/ad1s1d</filename> was created. Creating the journal would be "
"as simple as:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:467
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal label ad1s1d</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:469
msgid ""
"The journal size will be 1 GB by default. You may adjust it by using the "
"<option>-s</option> option. The value can be given in bytes, or appended by "
"<literal>K</literal>, <literal>M</literal> or <literal>G</literal> to denote "
"Kilobytes, Megabytes or Gigabytes respectively. Note that <command>gjournal</"
"command> will not allow you to create unsuitably small journal sizes."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:476
msgid ""
"For example, to create a 2 GB journal, you could use the following command:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:479
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal label -s 2G ad1s1d</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:481
msgid ""
"You can then create a file system on your new partition, and enable "
"journaling using the <option>-J</option> option:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:484
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>newfs -J /dev/ad1s1d.journal</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: article.translate.xml:488
msgid "Building Journaling into Your Custom Kernel"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:490
msgid ""
"If you do not wish to load <literal>geom_journal</literal> as a module, you "
"can build its functions right into your kernel. Edit your custom kernel "
"configuration file, and make sure it includes these two lines:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:495
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"options UFS_GJOURNAL # Note: This is already in GENERIC\n"
"\n"
"options GEOM_JOURNAL # You will have to add this one"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:499
msgid ""
"Rebuild and reinstall your kernel following the relevant <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html"
"\">instructions in the FreeBSD Handbook.</link>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:503
msgid ""
"Do not forget to remove the relevant <quote>load</quote> entry from "
"<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> if you have previously used it."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:510
msgid "Troubleshooting Journaling"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:512
msgid ""
"The following section covers frequently asked questions regarding problems "
"related to journaling."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: question/para
#: article.translate.xml:518
msgid ""
"I am getting kernel panics during periods of high disk activity. How is this "
"related to journaling?"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:523
msgid ""
"The journal probably fills up before it has a chance to get committed "
"(flushed) to disk. Keep in mind the size of the journal depends on the usage "
"load, and not the size of the data provider. If your disk activity is high, "
"you need a larger partition for the journal. See the note in the <link "
"linkend=\"understanding-journaling\">Understanding Journaling</link> section."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: question/para
#: article.translate.xml:533
msgid ""
"I made some mistake during configuration, and I cannot boot normally now. "
"Can this be fixed some way?"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:538
msgid ""
"You either forgot (or misspelled) the entry in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</"
"filename>, or there are errors in your <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file. "
"These are usually easy to fix. Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to get to the "
"default single user shell. Then locate the root of the problem:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:544
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cat /boot/loader.conf</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:546
msgid ""
"If the <literal>geom_journal_load</literal> entry is missing or misspelled, "
"the journaled devices are never created. Load the module manually, mount all "
"partitions, and continue with multi-user boot:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:551
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal load</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.\n"
"GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.\n"
"\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -a</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>exit</userinput>\n"
"<emphasis>(boot continues)</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:564
msgid ""
"If, on the other hand, this entry is correct, have a look at <filename>/etc/"
"fstab</filename>. You will probably find a misspelled or missing entry. In "
"this case, mount all remaining partitions by hand and continue with the "
"multi-user boot."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: question/para
#: article.translate.xml:573
msgid ""
"Can I remove journaling and return to my standard file system with Soft "
"Updates?"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:578
msgid ""
"Sure. Use the following procedure, which reverses the changes. The "
"partitions you created for the journal providers can then be used for other "
"purposes, if you so wish."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:582
msgid ""
"Login as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> and switch to "
"single user mode:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:586
msgid "Unmount the journaled partitions:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:590
msgid "Synchronize the journals:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:592
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal sync</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:594
msgid "Stop the journaling providers:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:596
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1d.journal</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1f.journal</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:599
msgid "Clear journaling metadata from all the devices used:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:601
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1d</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1f</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1g</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1h</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:606
msgid ""
"Clear the file system journaling flag, and restore the Soft Updates flag:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:609
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1d</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"tunefs: gjournal cleared\n"
"tunefs: soft updates set\n"
"\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1f</userinput>\n"
"\n"
"tunefs: gjournal cleared\n"
"tunefs: soft updates set"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:619
msgid "Remount the old devices by hand:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/screen
#: article.translate.xml:621
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1d /var</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1f /usr</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:624
msgid ""
"Edit <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and restore it to its original state:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:627
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/dev/ad0s1f     /usr            ufs     rw      2       2\n"
"/dev/ad0s1d     /var            ufs     rw      2       2"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: answer/para
#: article.translate.xml:630
msgid ""
"Finally, edit <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, remove the entry that "
"loads the <literal>geom_journal</literal> module and reboot."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:640
msgid "Further Reading"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:642
msgid ""
"Journaling is a fairly new feature of FreeBSD, and as such, it is not very "
"well documented yet. You may however find the following additional "
"references useful:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:648
msgid ""
"A <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
"geom-gjournal.html\">new section on journaling</link> is now part of the "
"FreeBSD Handbook."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:653
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-"
"June/064043.html\">This post</link> in <link xlink:href=\"http://lists."
"FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-current\">freebsd-current</link> by "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gjournal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>'s developer, Paweł Jakub Dawidek "
"<email>pjd@FreeBSD.org</email>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:658
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-"
"questions/2008-April/173501.html\">This post</link> in <link xlink:href="
"\"http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions\">freebsd-"
"questions</link> by Ivan Voras <email>ivoras@FreeBSD.org</email>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/para
#: article.translate.xml:663
msgid ""
"The manual pages of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gjournal</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>geom</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""