Units
Translation components API.
See the Weblate's Web API documentation for detailed description of the API.
GET /api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/units/?format=api&page=3
{ "count": 293, "next": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/units/?format=api&page=4", "previous": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/units/?format=api&page=2", "results": [ { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[source,bash]\n....\nCopyright (c) 1992-2021 The FreeBSD Project.\nCopyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994\n The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\nFreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.\nFreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE 0 releng/13.0-n244733-ea31abc261f: Fri Apr 9 04:04:45 UTC 2021\n root@releng1.nyi.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/i386.i386/sys/GENERIC i386\nFreeBSD clang version 11.0.1 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git llvmorg-11.0.1-0-g43ff75f2c3fe)\n...." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -6443141529797999602, "content_hash": -6443141529797999602, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:143", "context": "", "note": "type: Table", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 19, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 58, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436379/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437172, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=26955cea76d2c40e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437172/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.487905Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "When the computer powers on, the processor's registers are set to some predefined values. One of the registers is the _instruction pointer_ register, and its value after a power on is well defined: it is a 32-bit value of `0xfffffff0`. The instruction pointer register (also known as the Program Counter) points to code to be executed by the processor. Another important register is the `cr0` 32-bit control register, and its value just after a reboot is `0`. One of ``cr0``'s bits, the PE (Protection Enabled) bit, indicates whether the processor is running in 32-bit protected mode or 16-bit real mode. Since this bit is cleared at boot time, the processor boots in 16-bit real mode. Real mode means, among other things, that linear and physical addresses are identical. The reason for the processor not to start immediately in 32-bit protected mode is backwards compatibility. In particular, the boot process relies on the services provided by the BIOS, and the BIOS itself works in legacy, 16-bit code." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -3762705319396400403, "content_hash": -3762705319396400403, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:157", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 21, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 166, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436381/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437173, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=4bc82f729ae7a2ed", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437173/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.572461Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The value of `0xfffffff0` is slightly less than 4 GB, so unless the machine has 4 GB of physical memory, it cannot point to a valid memory address. The computer's hardware translates this address so that it points to a BIOS memory block." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2634322231043412186, "content_hash": 2634322231043412186, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:160", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 22, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 43, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436383/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437174, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=a48efe1ca541d0da", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437174/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.651924Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is a chip on the motherboard that has a relatively small amount of read-only memory (ROM). This memory contains various low-level routines that are specific to the hardware supplied with the motherboard. The processor will first jump to the address 0xfffffff0, which really resides in the BIOS's memory. Usually this address contains a jump instruction to the BIOS's POST routines." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 4937132124419603491, "content_hash": 4937132124419603491, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:165", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 23, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 66, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436385/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437175, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=c484378255333c23", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437175/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.661071Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The POST (Power On Self Test) is a set of routines including the memory check, system bus check, and other low-level initialization so the CPU can set up the computer properly. The important step of this stage is determining the boot device. Modern BIOS implementations permit the selection of a boot device, allowing booting from a floppy, CD-ROM, hard disk, or other devices." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 5902097737959856036, "content_hash": 5902097737959856036, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:169", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 24, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 63, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436387/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437176, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=d1e8769f3cbbd7a4", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437176/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.668955Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The very last thing in the POST is the `INT 0x19` instruction. The `INT 0x19` handler reads 512 bytes from the first sector of boot device into the memory at address `0x7c00`. The term _first sector_ originates from hard drive architecture, where the magnetic plate is divided into a number of cylindrical tracks. Tracks are numbered, and every track is divided into a number (usually 64) of sectors. Track numbers start at 0, but sector numbers start from 1. Track 0 is the outermost on the magnetic plate, and sector 1, the first sector, has a special purpose. It is also called the MBR, or Master Boot Record. The remaining sectors on the first track are never used." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -6887617951471625584, "content_hash": -6887617951471625584, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:178", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 25, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 118, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436389/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437177, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=206a43f71dee1a90", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437177/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.677814Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "This sector is our boot-sequence starting point. As we will see, this sector contains a copy of our [.filename]#boot0# program. A jump is made by the BIOS to address `0x7c00` so it starts executing." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 1050299350567203767, "content_hash": 1050299350567203767, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:182", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 26, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 34, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436391/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437178, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=8e9369b1d261b3b7", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437178/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.767325Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "As mentioned previously, we're calling the BIOS `INT 0x19` to load the MBR ([.filename]#boot0#) into memory at address `0x7c00`. The source file for [.filename]#boot0# can be found in [.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# - which is an awesome piece of code written by Robert Nordier." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -5500232562397428810, "content_hash": -5500232562397428810, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:196", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 29, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 41, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436395/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437180, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=33ab3fa04043c3b6", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437180/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.785437Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "A special structure starting from offset `0x1be` in the MBR is called the _partition table_. It has four records of 16 bytes each, called _partition records_, which represent how the hard disk is partitioned, or, in FreeBSD's terminology, sliced. One byte of those 16 says whether a partition (slice) is bootable or not. Exactly one record must have that flag set, otherwise [.filename]#boot0#'s code will refuse to proceed." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -8708116404251992642, "content_hash": -8708116404251992642, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:201", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 30, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 68, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436397/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437181, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=07268e4495ceddbe", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437181/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.795745Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "A partition record descriptor contains information about where exactly the partition resides on the drive. Both descriptors, LBA and CHS, describe the same information, but in different ways: LBA (Logical Block Addressing) has the starting sector for the partition and the partition's length, while CHS (Cylinder Head Sector) has coordinates for the first and last sectors of the partition. The partition table ends with the special signature `0xaa55`." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -8746893447420499231, "content_hash": -8746893447420499231, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:212", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 36, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 68, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436399/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437182, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=069ccac0aa4f2ae1", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437182/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.962970Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The MBR must fit into 512 bytes, a single disk sector. This program uses low-level \"tricks\" like taking advantage of the side effects of certain instructions and reusing register values from previous operations to make the most out of the fewest possible instructions. Care must also be taken when handling the partition table, which is embedded in the MBR itself. For these reasons, be very careful when modifying [.filename]#boot0.S#." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -9207485977680995395, "content_hash": -9207485977680995395, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:217", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 37, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 69, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436401/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437183, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=0038704961ef1bbd", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437183/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.967628Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "Note that the [.filename]#boot0.S# source file is assembled \"as is\": instructions are translated one by one to binary, with no additional information (no ELF file format, for example). This kind of low-level control is achieved at link time through special control flags passed to the linker. For example, the text section of the program is set to be located at address `0x600`. In practice this means that [.filename]#boot0# must be loaded to memory address `0x600` in order to function properly." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 1080362688720546079, "content_hash": 1080362688720546079, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:222", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 38, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 80, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436403/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437184, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=8efe382431c6291f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437184/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:31.972002Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "It is worth looking at the [.filename]#Makefile# for [.filename]#boot0# ([.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/Makefile#), as it defines some of the run-time behavior of [.filename]#boot0#. For instance, if a terminal connected to the serial port (COM1) is used for I/O, the macro `SIO` must be defined (`-DSIO`). `-DPXE` enables boot through PXE by pressing kbd:[F6]. Additionally, the program defines a set of _flags_ that allow further modification of its behavior. All of this is illustrated in the [.filename]#Makefile#. For example, look at the linker directives which command the linker to start the text section at address `0x600`, and to build the output file \"as is\" (strip out any file formatting):" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -1404213858651464672, "content_hash": -1404213858651464672, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:229", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 39, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 105, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436405/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437185, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=6c833aef76661c20", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437185/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:32.053711Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ " BOOT_BOOT0_ORG?=0x600\n ORG=${BOOT_BOOT0_ORG}\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -6150017474024401236, "content_hash": -6150017474024401236, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:234", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 40, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436407/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437186, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=2aa6bfb10a5496ac", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437186/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.755769Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/Makefile# [[boot-boot0-makefile-as-is]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -1039061107576886661, "content_hash": -1039061107576886661, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:236", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 41, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436409/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437187, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=7194836d86f4aa7b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437187/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.759662Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "Some modifications have been made to some instructions in favor of better exposition. For example, some macros are expanded, and some macro tests are omitted when the result of the test is known. This applies to all of the code examples shown." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2689583171145634824, "content_hash": 2689583171145634824, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:244", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block = 4", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 43, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 42, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436411/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437188, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=a55351a4e6011408", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437188/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.766749Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "start:\n cld\t\t\t# String ops inc\n xorw %ax,%ax\t\t# Zero\n movw %ax,%es\t\t# Address\n movw %ax,%ds\t\t# data\n movw %ax,%ss\t\t# Set up\n movw $LOAD,%sp\t\t# stack\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8387919301984970531, "content_hash": 8387919301984970531, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:255", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 44, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 27, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436413/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437189, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=f467e029ff74e723", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437189/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.772236Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-entrypoint]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -2164907472664387986, "content_hash": -2164907472664387986, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:257", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 45, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436415/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437190, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=61f4b41fb0401e6e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437190/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.776589Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "This first block of code is the entry point of the program. It is where the BIOS transfers control. First, it makes sure that the string operations autoincrement its pointer operands (the `cld` instruction) footnote:[When in doubt, we refer the reader to the official Intel manuals, which describe the exact semantics for each instruction: .]. Then, as it makes no assumption about the state of the segment registers, it initializes them. Finally, it sets the stack pointer register (`%sp`) to ($LOAD = address `0x7c00`), so we have a working stack." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8941725315744175518, "content_hash": 8941725315744175518, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:263", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 46, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 90, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436417/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437191, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=fc1763cca40c959e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437191/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.780243Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ " movw %sp,%si\t# Source\n movw $start,%di\t\t# Destination\n movw $0x100,%cx\t\t# Word count\n rep\t\t\t# Relocate\n movsw\t\t\t# code\n movw %di,%bp\t\t# Address variables\n movb $0x8,%cl\t\t# Words to clear\n rep\t\t\t# Zero\n stosw\t\t\t# them\n incb -0xe(%di)\t\t# Set the S field to 1\n jmp main-LOAD+ORIGIN\t# Jump to relocated code\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8742035453555613880, "content_hash": 8742035453555613880, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:279", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 48, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 52, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436419/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437192, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=f951f2ed7f0da0b8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437192/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.853702Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-relocation]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 7027543435467237911, "content_hash": 7027543435467237911, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:281", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 49, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436421/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437193, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=e186d98562a72a17", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437193/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.862712Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "As [.filename]#boot0# is loaded by the BIOS to address `0x7C00`, it copies itself to address `0x600` and then transfers control there (recall that it was linked to execute at address `0x600`). The source address, `0x7c00`, is copied to register `%si`. The destination address, `0x600`, to register `%di`. The number of words to copy, `256` (the program's size = 512 bytes), is copied to register `%cx`. Next, the `rep` instruction repeats the instruction that follows, that is, `movsw`, the number of times dictated by the `%cx` register.The `movsw` instruction copies the word pointed to by `%si` to the address pointed to by `%di`. This is repeated another 255 times. On each repetition, both the source and destination registers, `%si` and `%di`, are incremented by one. Thus, upon completion of the 256-word (512-byte) copy, `%di` has the value `0x600`+`512`= `0x800`, and `%si` has the value `0x7c00`+`512`= `0x7e00`; we have thus completed the code _relocation_. Since the last update of this document, the copy instructions have changed in the code, so instead of the movsb and stosb, movsw and stosw have been introduced, which copy 2 bytes(1 word) in one iteration." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 5565268540495244488, "content_hash": 5565268540495244488, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:291", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 50, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 188, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436423/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437194, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=cd3bce4063e02cc8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437194/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.867099Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "Next, the destination register `%di` is copied to `%bp`. `%bp` gets the value `0x800`. The value `8` is copied to `%cl` in preparation for a new string operation (like our previous `movsw`). Now, `stosw` is executed 8 times. This instruction copies a `0` value to the address pointed to by the destination register (`%di`, which is `0x800`), and increments it. This is repeated another 7 times, so `%di` ends up with value `0x810`. Effectively, this clears the address range `0x800`-`0x80f`. This range is used as a (fake) partition table for writing the MBR back to disk.Finally, the sector field for the CHS addressing of this fake partition is given the value 1 and a jump is made to the main function from the relocated code. Note that until this jump to the relocated code, any reference to an absolute address was avoided." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -9220046263579865412, "content_hash": -9220046263579865412, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:301", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 51, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 142, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436425/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437195, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=000bd0c5eea78ebc", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437195/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.875007Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "main:\n testb $SETDRV,_FLAGS(%bp)\t# Set drive number?\n#ifndef CHECK_DRIVE\t/* disable drive checks */\n jz save_curdrive\t\t# no, use the default\n#else\n jnz disable_update\t# Yes\n testb %dl,%dl\t\t# Drive number valid?\n js save_curdrive\t\t# Possibly (0x80 set)\n#endif\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -3873415939991256247, "content_hash": -3873415939991256247, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:315", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 53, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 39, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436427/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437196, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=4a3edcb98d7c4349", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437196/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.883555Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-drivenumber]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 4916902036304790871, "content_hash": 4916902036304790871, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:317", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 54, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436429/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437197, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=c43c5859e5578557", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437197/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.891185Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "This code tests the `SETDRV` bit (`0x20`) in the _flags_ variable. Recall that register `%bp` points to address location `0x800`, so the test is done to the _flags_ variable at address `0x800`-`69`= `0x7bb`. This is an example of the type of modifications that can be done to [.filename]#boot0#. The `SETDRV` flag is not set by default, but it can be set in the [.filename]#Makefile#. When set, the drive number stored in the MBR is used instead of the one provided by the BIOS. We assume the defaults, and that the BIOS provided a valid drive number, so we jump to `save_curdrive`." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 3385089059172034442, "content_hash": 3385089059172034442, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:324", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 55, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 101, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436431/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437198, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=aefa40907902a78a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437198/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.951439Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-savedrivenumber]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -1829594906955039240, "content_hash": -1829594906955039240, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:340", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 58, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436433/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437199, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=669bf9203014bdf8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437199/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.967970Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "Our next block implements the actual scanning of the partition table. It prints to the screen the partition type for each of the four entries in the partition table. It compares each type with a list of well-known operating system file systems. Examples of recognized partition types are NTFS (Windows(R), ID 0x7), `ext2fs` (Linux(R), ID 0x83), and, of course, `ffs`/`ufs2` (FreeBSD, ID 0xa5). The implementation is fairly simple." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -8353700816175514959, "content_hash": -8353700816175514959, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:348", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 60, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 68, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436435/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437200, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=0c11b15e13f7bab1", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437200/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:34.984075Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-partition-scan]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -3958677551043618107, "content_hash": -3958677551043618107, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:376", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 64, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436437/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437201, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=490ff3bdc5bb5ac5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437201/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.056691Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "It is important to note that the active flag for each entry is cleared, so after the scanning, _no_ partition entry is active in our memory copy of [.filename]#boot0#. Later, the active flag will be set for the selected partition. This ensures that only one active partition exists if the user chooses to write the changes back to disk." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -1946292222658003631, "content_hash": -1946292222658003631, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:380", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 65, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 59, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436439/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437202, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=64fd61890f5d3d51", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437202/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.061612Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The next block tests for other drives. At startup, the BIOS writes the number of drives present in the computer to address `0x475`. If there are any other drives present, [.filename]#boot0# prints the current drive to screen. The user may command [.filename]#boot0# to scan partitions on another drive later." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -4207086395852584215, "content_hash": -4207086395852584215, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:385", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 66, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 49, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436441/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437203, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=459d6d368bd40ae9", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437203/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.068241Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ " popw %ax\t\t\t# Drive number\n subb $0x80-0x1,%al\t\t# Does next\n cmpb NHRDRV,%al\t\t# drive exist? (from BIOS?)\n jb print_drive\t\t# Yes\n decw %ax\t\t\t# Already drive 0?\n jz print_prompt\t\t# Yes\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -6971016147098444895, "content_hash": -6971016147098444895, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:394", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 67, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 31, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436443/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437204, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=1f41f9bf8caf5ba1", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437204/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.073262Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-test-drives]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -3822536642024734731, "content_hash": -3822536642024734731, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:396", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 68, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436445/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437205, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=4af39f2d3f337ff5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437205/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.078110Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "We make the assumption that a single drive is present, so the jump to `print_drive` is not performed. We also assume nothing strange happened, so we jump to `print_prompt`." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 4348781183127371967, "content_hash": 4348781183127371967, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:399", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 69, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 29, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436447/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437206, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=bc59f971fa35c0bf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437206/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.083965Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-prompt]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -5794604855877585219, "content_hash": -5794604855877585219, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:413", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 72, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436449/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437207, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=2f956d95afa9b6bd", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437207/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.164652Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-start-input]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 3239410063111908316, "content_hash": 3239410063111908316, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:433", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 75, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436451/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437208, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=acf4b24a0d9c6bdc", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437208/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.177554Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "An interrupt is requested with number `0x1a` and argument `0` in register `%ah`. The BIOS has a predefined set of services, requested by applications as software-generated interrupts through the `int` instruction and receiving arguments in registers (in this case, `%ah`). Here, particularly, we are requesting the number of clock ticks since last midnight; this value is computed by the BIOS through the RTC (Real Time Clock). This clock can be programmed to work at frequencies ranging from 2 Hz to 8192 Hz. The BIOS sets it to 18.2 Hz at startup. When the request is satisfied, a 32-bit result is returned by the BIOS in registers `%cx` and `%dx` (lower bytes in `%dx`). This result (the `%dx` part) is copied to register `%di`, and the value of the `TICKS` variable is added to `%di`. This variable resides in [.filename]#boot0# at offset `_TICKS` (a negative value) from register `%bp` (which, recall, points to `0x800`). The default value of this variable is `0xb6` (182 in decimal). Now, the idea is that [.filename]#boot0# constantly requests the time from the BIOS, and when the value returned in register `%dx` is greater than the value stored in `%di`, the time is up and the default selection will be made. Since the RTC ticks 18.2 times per second, this condition will be met after 10 seconds (this default behavior can be changed in the [.filename]#Makefile#). Until this time has passed, [.filename]#boot0# continually asks the BIOS for any user input; this is done through `int 0x16`, argument `1` in `%ah`." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8510496506339344780, "content_hash": 8510496506339344780, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:446", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 76, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 253, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436453/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437209, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=f61b5b7b628f418c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437209/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.183205Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "Whether a key was pressed or the time expired, subsequent code validates the selection. Based on the selection, the register `%si` is set to point to the appropriate partition entry in the partition table. This new selection overrides the previous default one. Indeed, it becomes the new default. Finally, the ACTIVE flag of the selected partition is set. If it was enabled at compile time, the in-memory version of [.filename]#boot0# with these modified values is written back to the MBR on disk. We leave the details of this implementation to the reader." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -8301673445920535164, "content_hash": -8301673445920535164, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:454", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 77, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 92, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436455/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437210, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=0cca87fc2e9d0d84", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437210/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.190380Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ " movw $LOAD,%bx\t\t# Address for read\n movb $0x2,%ah\t\t# Read sector\n callw intx13\t\t# from disk\n jc beep\t\t\t# If error\n cmpw $MAGIC,0x1fe(%bx)\t# Bootable?\n jne beep\t\t\t# No\n pushw %si\t\t\t# Save ptr to selected part.\n callw putn\t\t# Leave some space\n popw %si\t\t\t# Restore, next stage uses it\n jmp *%bx\t\t\t# Invoke bootstrap\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -5364247840546678745, "content_hash": -5364247840546678745, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:469", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 79, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 56, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436457/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437211, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=358e5d02910f1827", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437211/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.276213Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot0/boot0.S# [[boot-boot0-check-bootable]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 7105898054223459144, "content_hash": 7105898054223459144, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:471", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 80, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436459/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437212, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=e29d38a1b420f348", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437212/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.283433Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "Recall that `%si` points to the selected partition entry. This entry tells us where the partition begins on disk. We assume, of course, that the partition selected is actually a FreeBSD slice." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 361746431762154047, "content_hash": 361746431762154047, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:475", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 81, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 32, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436461/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437213, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=85052e768bf2c23f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437213/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.361658Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The transfer buffer is set to `0x7c00` (register `%bx`), and a read for the first sector of the FreeBSD slice is requested by calling `intx13`. We assume that everything went okay, so a jump to `beep` is not performed. In particular, the new sector read must end with the magic sequence `0xaa55`. Finally, the value at `%si` (the pointer to the selected partition table) is preserved for use by the next stage, and a jump is performed to address `0x7c00`, where execution of our next stage (the just-read block) is started." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 613405349159229595, "content_hash": 613405349159229595, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:485", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 83, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 91, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436463/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437214, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=888340ea43f5d89b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437214/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.374028Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The BIOS did some early hardware initialization, including the POST. The MBR ([.filename]#boot0#) was loaded from absolute disk sector one to address `0x7c00`. Execution control was passed to that location." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 4534978676101706568, "content_hash": 4534978676101706568, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:494", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 86, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 30, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436465/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437215, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=beef7b141d037348", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437215/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.391562Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#boot0# relocated itself to the location it was linked to execute (`0x600`), followed by a jump to continue execution at the appropriate place. Finally, [.filename]#boot0# loaded the first disk sector from the FreeBSD slice to address `0x7c00`. Execution control was passed to that location." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 3209789176155264078, "content_hash": 3209789176155264078, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:497", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 87, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 44, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436467/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437216, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=ac8b763fe0a0d44e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437216/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.397608Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#boot1# is the next step in the boot-loading sequence. It is the first of three boot stages. Note that we have been dealing exclusively with disk sectors. Indeed, the BIOS loads the absolute first sector, while [.filename]#boot0# loads the first sector of the FreeBSD slice. Both loads are to address `0x7c00`. We can conceptually think of these disk sectors as containing the files [.filename]#boot0# and [.filename]#boot1#, respectively, but in reality this is not entirely true for [.filename]#boot1#. Strictly speaking, unlike [.filename]#boot0#, [.filename]#boot1# is not part of the boot blocks footnote:[There is a file /boot/boot1, but it is not the written to the beginning of the FreeBSD slice. Instead, it is concatenated with boot2 to form boot, which is written to the beginning of the FreeBSD slice and read at boot time.]. Instead, a single, full-blown file, [.filename]#boot# ([.filename]#/boot/boot#), is what ultimately is written to disk. This file is a combination of [.filename]#boot1#, [.filename]#boot2# and the `Boot Extender` (or BTX). This single file is greater in size than a single sector (greater than 512 bytes). Fortunately, [.filename]#boot1# occupies _exactly_ the first 512 bytes of this single file, so when [.filename]#boot0# loads the first sector of the FreeBSD slice (512 bytes), it is actually loading [.filename]#boot1# and transferring control to it." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2432799275749145882, "content_hash": 2432799275749145882, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:510", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 88, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 209, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436469/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437217, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=a1c30a0d40dafd1a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437217/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.456997Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "The main task of [.filename]#boot1# is to load the next boot stage. This next stage is somewhat more complex. It is composed of a server called the \"Boot Extender\", or BTX, and a client, called [.filename]#boot2#. As we will see, the last boot stage, [.filename]#loader#, is also a client of the BTX server." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 3720718595103436500, "content_hash": 3720718595103436500, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:515", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 89, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 53, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436471/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437218, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=b3a2a5d95a54aed4", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437218/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.462211Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot2/boot1.S# [[boot-boot1-entry]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -5713828903613123977, "content_hash": -5713828903613123977, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:524", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 92, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436473/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437219, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=30b466e2a4c7b277", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437219/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.472514Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "main:\n cld\t\t\t# String ops inc\n xor %cx,%cx\t\t# Zero\n mov %cx,%es\t\t# Address\n mov %cx,%ds\t\t# data\n mov %cx,%ss\t\t# Set up\n mov $start,%sp\t\t# stack\n mov %sp,%si\t\t# Source\n mov $MEM_REL,%di\t\t# Destination\n incb %ch\t\t\t# Word count\n rep\t\t\t# Copy\n movsw\t\t\t# code\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -9006886301313349699, "content_hash": -9006886301313349699, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:541", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 94, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 46, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436475/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437220, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=03011ca125e2c7bd", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437220/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.480511Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#stand/i386/boot2/boot1.S# [[boot-boot1-main]]" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 4219579411352653293, "content_hash": 4219579411352653293, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:543", "context": "", "note": "type: Block title", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 95, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436477/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437221, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=ba8ef51e4b3a0ded", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437221/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.484641Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?format=api", "source": [ "Just like [.filename]#boot0#, this code relocates [.filename]#boot1#, this time to memory address `0x700`. However, unlike [.filename]#boot0#, it does not jump there. [.filename]#boot1# is linked to execute at address `0x7c00`, effectively where it was loaded in the first place. The reason for this relocation will be discussed shortly." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -2165244893033820727, "content_hash": -2165244893033820727, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/arch-handbook/boot/_index.adoc:548", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 96, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 47, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1436479/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1437222, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksarch-handbookboot_index/fr_FR/?checksum=61f3813de2fd8dc9", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1437222/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2022-07-08T02:59:35.551753Z" } ] }