Units
Translation components API.
See the Weblate's Web API documentation for detailed description of the API.
GET /api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/units/?format=api&page=5
{ "count": 393, "next": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/units/?format=api&page=6", "previous": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/units/?format=api&page=4", "results": [ { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Structured or block devices are typified by disks and magnetic tapes, and include most random-access devices. The kernel supports read-modify-write-type buffering actions on block-oriented structured devices to allow the latter to be read and written in a totally random byte-addressed fashion, like regular files. Filesystems are created on block devices." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -6822640281624725842, "content_hash": -6822640281624725842, "location": "book.translate.xml:1391", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 201, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 50, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105047/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34428, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=21511ccfcf7cb6ae", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34428/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:22.984255Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Unstructured devices are those devices that do not support a block structure. Familiar unstructured devices are communication lines, raster plotters, and unbuffered magnetic tapes and disks. Unstructured devices typically support large block I/O transfers." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -5036441607696650125, "content_hash": -5036441607696650125, "location": "book.translate.xml:1399", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 202, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 34, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105048/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34431, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=3a1af70ac13e7073", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34431/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.020729Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Unstructured files are called <emphasis>character devices</emphasis> because the first of these to be implemented were terminal device drivers. The kernel interface to the driver for these devices proved convenient for other devices that were not block structured." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -7764497703515578532, "content_hash": -7764497703515578532, "location": "book.translate.xml:1405", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 203, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 37, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105049/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34433, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=143ef67a0a9e1f5c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34433/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.061233Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Device special files are created by the <emphasis>mknod</emphasis> system call. There is an additional system call, <emphasis>ioctl</emphasis>, for manipulating the underlying device parameters of special files. The operations that can be done differ for each device. This system call allows the special characteristics of devices to be accessed, rather than overloading the semantics of other system calls. For example, there is an <emphasis>ioctl</emphasis> on a tape drive to write an end-of-tape mark, instead of there being a special or modified version of <emphasis>write</emphasis>." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8553025667367946459, "content_hash": 8553025667367946459, "location": "book.translate.xml:1411", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 204, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 83, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105050/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34436, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=f6b273875243c8db", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34436/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.088151Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Socket IPC" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Socket IPC" ], "id_hash": -20325188963568693, "content_hash": -20325188963568693, "location": "book.translate.xml:1428", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 205, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105051/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34439, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=7fb7ca592bd573cb", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34439/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.107332Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The 4.2BSD kernel introduced an IPC mechanism more flexible than pipes, based on <emphasis>sockets</emphasis>. A socket is an endpoint of communication referred to by a descriptor, just like a file or a pipe. Two processes can each create a socket, and then connect those two endpoints to produce a reliable byte stream. Once connected, the descriptors for the sockets can be read or written by processes, just as the latter would do with a pipe. The transparency of sockets allows the kernel to redirect the output of one process to the input of another process residing on another machine. A major difference between pipes and sockets is that pipes require a common parent process to set up the communications channel. A connection between sockets can be set up by two unrelated processes, possibly residing on different machines." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 4930600652065352849, "content_hash": 4930600652065352849, "location": "book.translate.xml:1430", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 206, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 137, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105052/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34442, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=c46d032b6baa2c91", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34442/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.142800Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "System V provides local interprocess communication through FIFOs (also known as <emphasis>named pipes</emphasis>). FIFOs appear as an object in the filesystem that unrelated processes can open and send data through in the same way as they would communicate through a pipe. Thus, FIFOs do not require a common parent to set them up; they can be connected after a pair of processes are up and running. Unlike sockets, FIFOs can be used on only a local machine; they cannot be used to communicate between processes on different machines. FIFOs are implemented in 4.4BSD only because they are required by the POSIX.1 standard. Their functionality is a subset of the socket interface." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -1177849206534156965, "content_hash": -1177849206534156965, "location": "book.translate.xml:1448", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 207, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 111, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105053/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34445, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=6fa770631d8e4d5b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34445/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.158480Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The socket mechanism requires extensions to the traditional UNIX I/O system calls to provide the associated naming and connection semantics. Rather than overloading the existing interface, the developers used the existing interfaces to the extent that the latter worked without being changed, and designed new interfaces to handle the added semantics. The <emphasis>read</emphasis> and <emphasis>write</emphasis> system calls were used for byte-stream type connections, but six new system calls were added to allow sending and receiving addressed messages such as network datagrams. The system calls for writing messages include <emphasis>send</emphasis>, <emphasis>sendto</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sendmsg</emphasis>. The system calls for reading messages include <emphasis>recv</emphasis>, <emphasis>recvfrom</emphasis>, and <emphasis>recvmsg</emphasis>. In retrospect, the first two in each class are special cases of the others; <emphasis>recvfrom</emphasis> and <emphasis>sendto</emphasis> probably should have been added as library interfaces to <emphasis>recvmsg</emphasis> and <emphasis>sendmsg</emphasis>, respectively." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 3479435535262601335, "content_hash": 3479435535262601335, "location": "book.translate.xml:1470", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 208, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 133, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105054/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34448, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=b049702f3a32d077", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34448/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.177123Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Scatter/Gather I/O" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Scatter / Gather I / O" ], "id_hash": 2945872866870897808, "content_hash": 2945872866870897808, "location": "book.translate.xml:1506", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 209, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105055/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34449, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=a8e1d7c3b74d2c90", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34449/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.189835Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "In addition to the traditional <emphasis>read</emphasis> and <emphasis>write</emphasis> system calls, 4.2BSD introduced the ability to do scatter/gather I/O. Scatter input uses the <emphasis>readv</emphasis> system call to allow a single read to be placed in several different buffers. Conversely, the <emphasis>writev</emphasis> system call allows several different buffers to be written in a single atomic write. Instead of passing a single buffer and length parameter, as is done with <emphasis>read</emphasis> and <emphasis>write</emphasis>, the process passes in a pointer to an array of buffers and lengths, along with a count describing the size of the array." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 326870251766482108, "content_hash": 326870251766482108, "location": "book.translate.xml:1508", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 210, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 93, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105056/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34450, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=848946c31c2f04bc", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34450/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.200502Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "This facility allows buffers in different parts of a process address space to be written atomically, without the need to copy them to a single contiguous buffer. Atomic writes are necessary in the case where the underlying abstraction is record based, such as tape drives that output a tape block on each write request. It is also convenient to be able to read a single request into several different buffers (such as a record header into one place and the data into another). Although an application can simulate the ability to scatter data by reading the data into a large buffer and then copying the pieces to their intended destinations, the cost of memory-to-memory copying in such cases often would more than double the running time of the affected application." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -3894654885365759054, "content_hash": -3894654885365759054, "location": "book.translate.xml:1528", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 211, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 130, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105057/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34452, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=49f368043b08c3b2", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34452/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.214032Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Just as <emphasis>send</emphasis> and <emphasis>recv</emphasis> could have been implemented as library interfaces to <emphasis>sendto</emphasis> and <emphasis>recvfrom</emphasis>, it also would have been possible to simulate <emphasis>read</emphasis> with <emphasis>readv</emphasis> and <emphasis>write</emphasis> with <emphasis>writev</emphasis>. However, <emphasis>read</emphasis> and <emphasis>write</emphasis> are used so much more frequently that the added cost of simulating them would not have been worthwhile." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -5328374610332959717, "content_hash": -5328374610332959717, "location": "book.translate.xml:1543", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 212, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 53, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105058/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34454, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=360dcf85d8e4bc1b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34454/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.225064Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Multiple Filesystem Support" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Suporte para vários sistemas de arquivos" ], "id_hash": 5065134733858087838, "content_hash": 5065134733858087838, "location": "book.translate.xml:1568", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 213, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105059/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34456, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=c64af934471aa39e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34456/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.250400Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "With the expansion of network computing, it became desirable to support both local and remote filesystems. To simplify the support of multiple filesystems, the developers added a new virtual node or <emphasis>vnode</emphasis> interface to the kernel. The set of operations exported from the vnode interface appear much like the filesystem operations previously supported by the local filesystem. However, they may be supported by a wide range of filesystem types:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2596489252815022930, "content_hash": 2596489252815022930, "location": "book.translate.xml:1570", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 214, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 69, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105060/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34460, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=a4089537f928ab52", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34460/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.265048Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Local disk-based filesystems" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Sistemas de arquivos baseados em disco local" ], "id_hash": 5099477052011342724, "content_hash": 5099477052011342724, "location": "book.translate.xml:1583", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 215, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105061/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34463, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=c6c4fb5c51646b84", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34463/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.287127Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Files imported using a variety of remote filesystem protocols" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Arquivos importados usando uma variedade de protocolos de sistema de arquivos remotos" ], "id_hash": -582173000559494607, "content_hash": -582173000559494607, "location": "book.translate.xml:1587", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 216, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 9, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105062/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34466, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=77ebb4bd8fd3fa31", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34466/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.306633Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Read-only CD-ROM filesystems" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Sistemas de arquivos de CD-ROM somente leitura" ], "id_hash": -4925072517877696048, "content_hash": -4925072517877696048, "location": "book.translate.xml:1591", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 217, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105063/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34468, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=3ba6a0a39edc79d0", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34468/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.319843Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Filesystems providing special-purpose interfaces -- for example, the <filename>/proc</filename> filesystem" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -8260379632991991088, "content_hash": -8260379632991991088, "location": "book.translate.xml:1597", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 218, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 10, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105064/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34471, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=0d5d3c7d39a40ad0", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34471/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.344549Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "A few variants of 4.4BSD, such as FreeBSD, allow filesystems to be loaded dynamically when the filesystems are first referenced by the <emphasis>mount</emphasis> system call. The vnode interface is described in Section 6.5; its ancillary support routines are described in Section 6.6; several of the special-purpose filesystems are described in Section 6.7." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 862343098165030769, "content_hash": 862343098165030769, "location": "book.translate.xml:1603", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 219, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 52, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105065/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34473, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=8bf7a87a98a2ef71", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34473/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.357769Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Filesystems" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Sistemas de arquivos" ], "id_hash": -5204485240915559762, "content_hash": -5204485240915559762, "location": "book.translate.xml:1618", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 220, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105066/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34476, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=37c5f43f7876faae", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34476/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.380410Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "A regular file is a linear array of bytes, and can be read and written starting at any byte in the file. The kernel distinguishes no record boundaries in regular files, although many programs recognize line-feed characters as distinguishing the ends of lines, and other programs may impose other structure. No system-related information about a file is kept in the file itself, but the filesystem stores a small amount of ownership, protection, and usage information with each file." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8464965656050390230, "content_hash": 8464965656050390230, "location": "book.translate.xml:1620", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 221, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 78, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105067/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34478, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=f579996a34c3d4d6", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34478/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.399976Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "A <emphasis>filename</emphasis> component is a string of up to 255 characters. These filenames are stored in a type of file called a <emphasis>directory</emphasis>. The information in a directory about a file is called a <emphasis>directory entry</emphasis> and includes, in addition to the filename, a pointer to the file itself. Directory entries may refer to other directories, as well as to plain files. A hierarchy of directories and files is thus formed, and is called a <emphasis>filesystem</emphasis>;" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2724532311887398492, "content_hash": 2724532311887398492, "location": "book.translate.xml:1629", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 222, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 76, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105068/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34482, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=a5cf7bb3d51f465c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34482/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.421472Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "A small filesystem" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Um pequeno sistema de arquivos" ], "id_hash": -137275544768515799, "content_hash": -137275544768515799, "location": "book.translate.xml:1643", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: figure/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 223, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105069/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34487, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=7e184c9e8db97129", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34487/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.443152Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "external ref='fig2' md5='__failed__'" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8062271843042153365, "content_hash": 8062271843042153365, "location": "book.translate.xml:1647", "context": "_", "note": "(itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata\nThis is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When\nthe file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to\nupdate your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to\nwhatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file.", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 224, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105070/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34491, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=efe2f18687295395", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34491/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.470531Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ " +-------+\n | |\n +-------+\n / \\\n usr / \\ vmunix\n |/ \\|\n +-------+ +-------+\n | | | |\n +-------+ +-------+\n / | \\\n staff / | \\ bin\n |/ | tmp \\|\n +-------+ V +-------+\n | | +-------+ | |\n +-------+ | | +-------+\n / | \\ +-------+ / | \\\n mckusick / | \\| |/ | \\ ls\n |/ | karels | vi \\|\n+-------+ V V +-------+\n| | +-------+ +-------+ | |\n+-------+ | | | | +-------+\n +-------+ +-------+" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 1905689786464080870, "content_hash": 1905689786464080870, "location": "book.translate.xml:1651", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: textobject/literallayout", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 225, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 83, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105071/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34495, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=9a725ec3964813e6", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34495/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.497901Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"fig2\"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <_:literallayout-1/> </textobject> <textobject> <phrase>A small filesystem tree</phrase> </textobject>" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2242363463630881363, "content_hash": 2242363463630881363, "location": "book.translate.xml:1645", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: figure/mediaobject", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 226, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 13, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105072/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34498, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=9f1e79b08b088253", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34498/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.535961Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "a small one is shown in <xref linkend=\"fig-small-fs\"/>. Directories may contain subdirectories, and there is no inherent limitation to the depth with which directory nesting may occur. To protect the consistency of the filesystem, the kernel does not permit processes to write directly into directories. A filesystem may include not only plain files and directories, but also references to other objects, such as devices and sockets." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8475921100687377015, "content_hash": 8475921100687377015, "location": "book.translate.xml:1681", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 227, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 66, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105073/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34501, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=f5a085556eb58277", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34501/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.554413Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The filesystem forms a tree, the beginning of which is the <emphasis>root directory</emphasis>, sometimes referred to by the name <emphasis>slash</emphasis>, spelled with a single solidus character (/). The root directory contains files; in our example in Fig 2.2, it contains <filename>vmunix</filename>, a copy of the kernel-executable object file. It also contains directories; in this example, it contains the <filename>usr</filename> directory. Within the <filename>usr</filename> directory is the <filename>bin</filename> directory, which mostly contains executable object code of programs, such as the files <filename>ls</filename> and <filename>vi</filename>." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2816541783241877938, "content_hash": 2816541783241877938, "location": "book.translate.xml:1689", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 228, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 83, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105074/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34504, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=a7165dd4452d69b2", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34504/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.569054Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "A process identifies a file by specifying that file's <emphasis>pathname</emphasis>, which is a string composed of zero or more filenames separated by slash (/) characters. The kernel associates two directories with each process for use in interpreting pathnames. A process's <emphasis>root directory</emphasis> is the topmost point in the filesystem that the process can access; it is ordinarily set to the root directory of the entire filesystem. A pathname beginning with a slash is called an <emphasis>absolute pathname</emphasis>, and is interpreted by the kernel starting with the process's root directory." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 774193760076241486, "content_hash": 774193760076241486, "location": "book.translate.xml:1711", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 229, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 89, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105075/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34508, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=8abe7d1f78ab1a4e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34508/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.584969Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "A pathname that does not begin with a slash is called a <emphasis>relative pathname</emphasis>, and is interpreted relative to the <emphasis>current working directory</emphasis> of the process. (This directory also is known by the shorter names <emphasis>current directory</emphasis> or <emphasis>working directory</emphasis>.) The current directory itself may be referred to directly by the name <emphasis>dot</emphasis>, spelled with a single period (<filename>.</filename>). The filename <emphasis>dot-dot</emphasis> (<filename>..</filename>) refers to a directory's parent directory. The root directory is its own parent." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 1829298554600466697, "content_hash": 1829298554600466697, "location": "book.translate.xml:1725", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 230, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 76, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105076/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34513, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=9962f957e718a909", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34513/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.603095Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "A process may set its root directory with the <emphasis>chroot</emphasis> system call, and its current directory with the <emphasis>chdir</emphasis> system call. Any process may do <emphasis>chdir</emphasis> at any time, but <emphasis>chroot</emphasis> is permitted only a process with superuser privileges. <emphasis>Chroot</emphasis> is normally used to set up restricted access to the system." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -6265126312451364639, "content_hash": -6265126312451364639, "location": "book.translate.xml:1744", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 231, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 51, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105077/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34515, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=290dccd0196228e1", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34515/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.623562Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Using the filesystem shown in Fig. 2.2, if a process has the root of the filesystem as its root directory, and has <filename>/usr</filename> as its current directory, it can refer to the file <filename>vi</filename> either from the root with the absolute pathname <filename>/usr/bin/vi</filename>, or from its current directory with the relative pathname <filename>bin/vi</filename>." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 6700814938524278128, "content_hash": 6700814938524278128, "location": "book.translate.xml:1758", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 232, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 53, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105078/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34518, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=dcfe13af245edd70", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34518/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.637840Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "System utilities and databases are kept in certain well-known directories. Part of the well-defined hierarchy includes a directory that contains the <emphasis>home directory</emphasis> for each user -- for example, <filename>/usr/staff/mckusick</filename> and <filename>/usr/staff/karels</filename> in Fig. 2.2. When users log in, the current working directory of their shell is set to the home directory. Within their home directories, users can create directories as easily as they can regular files. Thus, a user can build arbitrarily complex subhierarchies." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2563271231511377297, "content_hash": 2563271231511377297, "location": "book.translate.xml:1768", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 233, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 75, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105079/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34520, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=a392919ab136b591", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34520/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.651644Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The user usually knows of only one filesystem, but the system may know that this one virtual filesystem is really composed of several physical filesystems, each on a different device. A physical filesystem may not span multiple hardware devices. Since most physical disk devices are divided into several logical devices, there may be more than one filesystem per physical device, but there will be no more than one per logical device. One filesystem -- the filesystem that anchors all absolute pathnames -- is called the <emphasis>root filesystem</emphasis>, and is always available. Others may be mounted; that is, they may be integrated into the directory hierarchy of the root filesystem. References to a directory that has a filesystem mounted on it are converted transparently by the kernel into references to the root directory of the mounted filesystem." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 3012639141067291934, "content_hash": 3012639141067291934, "location": "book.translate.xml:1783", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 234, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 136, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105080/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34522, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=a9cf0b564fc0fd1e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34522/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.668017Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The <emphasis>link</emphasis> system call takes the name of an existing file and another name to create for that file. After a successful <emphasis>link</emphasis>, the file can be accessed by either filename. A filename can be removed with the <emphasis>unlink</emphasis> system call. When the final name for a file is removed (and the final process that has the file open closes it), the file is deleted." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -8748618109049084263, "content_hash": -8748618109049084263, "location": "book.translate.xml:1802", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 235, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 65, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105081/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34525, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=0696aa2e96946699", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34525/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.689143Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Files are organized hierarchically in <emphasis>directories</emphasis>. A directory is a type of file, but, in contrast to regular files, a directory has a structure imposed on it by the system. A process can read a directory as it would an ordinary file, but only the kernel is permitted to modify a directory. Directories are created by the <emphasis>mkdir</emphasis> system call and are removed by the <emphasis>rmdir</emphasis> system call. Before 4.2BSD, the <emphasis>mkdir</emphasis> and <emphasis>rmdir</emphasis> system calls were implemented by a series of <emphasis>link</emphasis> and <emphasis>unlink</emphasis> system calls being done. There were three reasons for adding systems calls explicitly to create and delete directories:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8923765927246508312, "content_hash": 8923765927246508312, "location": "book.translate.xml:1815", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 236, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 103, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105082/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34527, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=fbd795d4a8433118", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34527/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.706752Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The operation could be made atomic. If the system crashed, the directory would not be left half-constructed, as could happen when a series of link operations were used." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -4906779528419882358, "content_hash": -4906779528419882358, "location": "book.translate.xml:1841", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 237, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 28, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105083/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34530, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=3be79e04215fca8a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34530/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.729097Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "When a networked filesystem is being run, the creation and deletion of files and directories need to be specified atomically so that they can be serialized." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 270719817947487039, "content_hash": 270719817947487039, "location": "book.translate.xml:1847", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 238, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 26, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105084/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34535, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=83c1ca3d766b1b3f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34535/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.745356Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "When supporting non-UNIX filesystems, such as an MS-DOS filesystem, on another partition of the disk, the other filesystem may not support link operations. Although other filesystems might support the concept of directories, they probably would not create and delete the directories with links, as the UNIX filesystem does. Consequently, they could create and delete directories only if explicit directory create and delete requests were presented." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 5543610026027568677, "content_hash": 5543610026027568677, "location": "book.translate.xml:1853", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 239, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 65, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105085/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34537, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=cceedbf286aace25", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34537/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.755276Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The <emphasis>chown</emphasis> system call sets the owner and group of a file, and <emphasis>chmod</emphasis> changes protection attributes. <emphasis>Stat</emphasis> applied to a filename can be used to read back such properties of a file. The <emphasis>fchown</emphasis>, <emphasis>fchmod</emphasis>, and <emphasis>fstat</emphasis> system calls are applied to a descriptor, instead of to a filename, to do the same set of operations. The <emphasis>rename</emphasis> system call can be used to give a file a new name in the filesystem, replacing one of the file's old names. Like the directory-creation and directory-deletion operations, the <emphasis>rename</emphasis> system call was added to 4.2BSD to provide atomicity to name changes in the local filesystem. Later, it proved useful explicitly to export renaming operations to foreign filesystems and over the network." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 2616630454839906255, "content_hash": 2616630454839906255, "location": "book.translate.xml:1865", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 240, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 121, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105086/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34539, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=a450238901338fcf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34539/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.776686Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The <emphasis>truncate</emphasis> system call was added to 4.2BSD to allow files to be shortened to an arbitrary offset. The call was added primarily in support of the Fortran run-time library, which has the semantics such that the end of a random-access file is set to be wherever the program most recently accessed that file. Without the <emphasis>truncate</emphasis> system call, the only way to shorten a file was to copy the part that was desired to a new file, to delete the old file, then to rename the copy to the original name. As well as this algorithm being slow, the library could potentially fail on a full filesystem." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -2743324601548884012, "content_hash": -2743324601548884012, "location": "book.translate.xml:1890", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 241, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 108, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105087/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34542, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=59edc0cf4516b7d4", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34542/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.792220Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Once the filesystem had the ability to shorten files, the kernel took advantage of that ability to shorten large empty directories. The advantage of shortening empty directories is that it reduces the time spent in the kernel searching them when names are being created or deleted." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -4165616556750717115, "content_hash": -4165616556750717115, "location": "book.translate.xml:1906", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 242, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 46, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105088/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34544, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=4630c1cfe0633f45", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34544/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.804405Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Newly created files are assigned the user identifier of the process that created them and the group identifier of the directory in which they were created. A three-level access-control mechanism is provided for the protection of files. These three levels specify the accessibility of a file to" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -340265974925340083, "content_hash": -340265974925340083, "location": "book.translate.xml:1913", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 243, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 47, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105089/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34545, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=7b4721e60b6c524d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34545/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.813458Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The user who owns the file" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "O usuário que possui o arquivo" ], "id_hash": -1008377324567377108, "content_hash": -1008377324567377108, "location": "book.translate.xml:1922", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 244, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 6, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105090/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34546, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=7201862a799a4b2c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34546/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.825092Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "The group that owns the file" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "O grupo que possui o arquivo" ], "id_hash": -2761910929020874645, "content_hash": -2761910929020874645, "location": "book.translate.xml:1925", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 245, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 6, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105091/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34549, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=59abb8a4ae71106b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34549/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.843299Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Everyone else" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Todo mundo" ], "id_hash": 5512501488282417403, "content_hash": 5512501488282417403, "location": "book.translate.xml:1928", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 246, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105092/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34551, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=cc8056e5a8e2b8fb", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34551/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.858897Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Each level of access has separate indicators for read permission, write permission, and execute permission." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 475402647339263471, "content_hash": 475402647339263471, "location": "book.translate.xml:1932", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 247, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 15, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105093/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34553, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=8698f8305fefe5ef", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34553/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.872998Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Files are created with zero length, and may grow when they are written. While a file is open, the system maintains a pointer into the file indicating the current location in the file associated with the descriptor. This pointer can be moved about in the file in a random-access fashion. Processes sharing a file descriptor through a <emphasis>fork</emphasis> or <emphasis>dup</emphasis> system call share the current location pointer. Descriptors created by separate <emphasis>open</emphasis> system calls have separate current location pointers. Files may have <emphasis>holes</emphasis> in them. Holes are void areas in the linear extent of the file where data have never been written. A process can create these holes by positioning the pointer past the current end-of-file and writing. When read, holes are treated by the system as zero-valued bytes." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -638682283531155067, "content_hash": -638682283531155067, "location": "book.translate.xml:1935", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 248, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 129, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105094/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34555, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=7722f1d8d5ca4985", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34555/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.887608Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "Earlier UNIX systems had a limit of 14 characters per filename component. This limitation was often a problem. For example, in addition to the natural desire of users to give files long descriptive names, a common way of forming filenames is as <filename><replaceable>basename</replaceable>.<replaceable>extension</replaceable></filename>, where the extension (indicating the kind of file, such as <literal>.c</literal> for C source or <literal>.o</literal> for intermediate binary object) is one to three characters, leaving 10 to 12 characters for the basename. Source-code-control systems and editors usually take up another two characters, either as a prefix or a suffix, for their purposes, leaving eight to 10 characters. It is easy to use 10 or 12 characters in a single English word as a basename (e.g., ``multiplexer'')." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": -83425546879145025, "content_hash": -83425546879145025, "location": "book.translate.xml:1957", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 249, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 120, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105095/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34557, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=7ed79ce839136bbf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34557/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.906521Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?format=api", "source": [ "It is possible to keep within these limits, but it is inconvenient or even dangerous, because other UNIX systems accept strings longer than the limit when creating files, but then <emphasis>truncate</emphasis> to the limit. A C language source file named <filename>multiplexer.c</filename> (already 13 characters) might have a source-code-control file with <literal>s.</literal> prepended, producing a filename <filename>s.multiplexer</filename> that is indistinguishable from the source-code-control file for <filename>multiplexer.ms</filename>, a file containing <literal>troff</literal> source for documentation for the C program. The contents of the two original files could easily get confused with no warning from the source-code-control system. Careful coding can detect this problem, but the long filenames first introduced in 4.2BSD practically eliminate it." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "" ], "id_hash": 8186019490981920959, "content_hash": 8186019490981920959, "location": "book.translate.xml:1977", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 0, "fuzzy": false, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 250, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 111, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105096/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 34560, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/pt_BR/?checksum=f19a955b0c66c0bf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/34560/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.915465Z" } ] }