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_ translator-credits Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
FreeBSD Support for Leap Seconds Soporte para segundos intercalares en FreeBSD
$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml 51243 2017-11-30 14:49:53Z ygy $ $FreeBSD$
Introduction Introducción
A <emphasis>leap second</emphasis> is an one second adjustment made at specific times of year to UTC to synchronize atomic time scales with variations in the rotation of the Earth. This article describes how FreeBSD interacts with leap seconds. Un <emphasis>segundo intercalar</emphasis> es un ajuste de un segundo realizado en momentos específicos del año a UTC para sincronizar escalas de tiempo atómicas con variaciones en la rotación de la Tierra. Este artículo describe cómo FreeBSD interactúa con segundos intercalares.
As of this writing, the next leap second will occur at 2015-Jun-30 23:59:60 UTC. This leap second will occur during a business day for North and South America and the Asia/Pacific region. En el momento de escribir estas líneas, el próximo segundo intercalar ocurrirá el 30 de junio del 2015 a las 23:59:60 UTC. Este segundo intercalar ocurrirá durante un dí­a laboral para América del Norte y del Sur y la región Asia/Pací­fico.
Leap seconds are announced by <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> on <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Bulletin C</link>. Los segundos intercalares son anunciados por el <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> en el <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Boletín C</link>.
Standard leap second behavior is described in <link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link>. Also see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. El comportamiento estándar de los segundos intercalares se describe en <link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfclink7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link>. Véase también <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
Default Leap Second Handling on FreeBSD Manejo por defecto de los segundos intercalares en FreeBSD
The easiest way to handle leap seconds is with the <acronym>POSIX</acronym> time rules FreeBSD uses by default, combined with <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is running and the time is synchronized with upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers that handle leap seconds correctly, the leap second will cause the system time to automatically repeat the last second of the day. No other adjustments are necessary. La manera más fácil de manejar segundos intercalares es con las reglas de tiempo de <acronym>POSIX</acronym> que FreeBSD utiliza por defecto, combinadas con <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/es_ES.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. Cuando <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> se esté ejecutando y el tiempo esté sincronizado con servidores remotos de <acronym>NTP</acronym> que manejen segundos intercalares correctamente, dicho segundo intercalar hará que el tiempo del sistema automáticamente repita el último segundo del dí­a. Ningún otro ajuste es necesario.
If the upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers do not handle leap seconds correctly, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will step the time by one second after the errant upstream server has noticed and stepped itself. Si los servidores remotos de <acronym>NTP</acronym> no manejan los segundos intercalares correctamente, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> aumentará el tiempo en un segundo, después de que el servidor errático lo haya notado y haya saltado él mismo ese segundo.
If <acronym>NTP</acronym> is not being used, manual adjustment of the system clock will be required after the leap second has passed. Si no se usa <acronym>NTP</acronym>, se requerirá el ajuste manual del reloj del sistema una vez que el segundo intercalar haya pasado.
Cautions Precauciones
Leap seconds are inserted at the same instant all over the world: <acronym>UTC</acronym> midnight. In Japan that is mid-morning, in the Pacific mid-day, in the Americas late afternoon, and in Europe at night. Los segundos intercalares se insertan en el mismo instante en todo el mundo: a medianoche según <acronym>UTC</acronym>. En Japón esto ocurre a media mañana, en el Pacífico al mediodía, en América es por la tarde-noche y en Europa por la noche.
We believe and expect that FreeBSD, if provided correct and stable <acronym>NTP</acronym> service, will work as designed during this leap second, as it did during the previous ones. Creemos y esperamos que FreeBSD, si se proporciona un servicio <acronym>NTP</acronym> correcto y estable, funcionará como se diseñó durante este segundo, como lo hizo durante los anteriores.
However, we caution that practically no applications have ever asked the kernel about leap seconds. Our experience is that, as designed, leap seconds are essentially a replay of the second before the leap second, and this is a surprise to most application programmers. De todas formas, asumimos que prácticamente ninguna aplicación ha requerido información del kernel acerca del segundo intercalar. Nuestra experiencia es que, tal como está diseñado, el segundo intercalar es esencialmente una repetición del segundo antes del segundo intercalar, esto es una sorpresa para la mayoría de los programadores.
ComponentTranslation
This translation Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_leap-seconds Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
The following strings have the same context and source.
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_freebsd-releng Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_freebsd-update-server Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019, 2020

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019, 2020
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_ldap-auth Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_building-products Manuel Megías joramsinkin@hotmail.com, 2018

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Federico CManuel Megías joramsiniti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.orgkin@hotmail.com, 20198
Not translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_rc-scripting
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_new-users Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
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Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_committers-guide Manuel Megías joramsinkin@hotmail.com, 2019
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico CManuel Megías joramsiniti demian.fc@gkin@hotmail.com, 2019
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_contributing José Ramón Baz jr_baz@hartu.net
José Vicente Carrasco carvay@es.FreeBSD.org
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019,2020

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comJosé Ramón Baz jr_baz@hartu.net
José Vicente Carrasco carvay@es.FreeBSD.org
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019,2020
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_freebsd-questions Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_mailing-list-faq Equipo de traducción de FreeBSD al Español
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comEquipo de traducción de FreeBSD al Español
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_gjournal-desktop Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_pgpkeys Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_linux-emulation Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_linux-users Equipo de traducción de FreeBSD al Español
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comEquipo de traducción de FreeBSD al Español
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_port-mentor-guidelines Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_pr-guidelines Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
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Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 201920
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_pam créditos de traducción

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Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019créditos de traducción
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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019, 2020
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_problem-reports Juan F. Rodriguez jrh@it.uc3m.es, 2007
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comJuan F. Rodriguez jrh@it.uc3m.es, 2007
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_releng Equipo de traducción de FreeBSD al Español,
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comEquipo de traducción de FreeBSD al Español,
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_remote-install Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_bsdl-gpl Manuel Megías joramsinkin@hotmail.com, 2018
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019

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Federico CManuel Megías joramsiniti demian.fc@gkin@hotmail.com, 2018
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_nanobsd Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com, 2015
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com, 2015
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/books_faq Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com, 2015, 2016
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com, 2015, 2016
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_hubs translator-credits

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Not translated FreeBSD Doc/books_handbook
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Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_contributors créditos-traductores

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Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_solid-state Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_explaining-bsd José Ramón Baz jr_baz@hartu.net
José Vicente Carrasco carvay@es.FreeBSD.org
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comJosé Ramón Baz jr_baz@hartu.net
José Vicente Carrasco carvay@es.FreeBSD.org
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_geom-class Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@FreeBSD.org, 2019

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Federico CManuel Megías joramsiniti demian.fc@gkin@hotmail.com, 2018
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
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