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_ translator-credits Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
FreeBSD Support for Leap Seconds Soporte para segundos intercalares en FreeBSD
$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml 51243 2017-11-30 14:49:53Z ygy $ $FreeBSD$
Introduction Introducción
A <emphasis>leap second</emphasis> is an one second adjustment made at specific times of year to UTC to synchronize atomic time scales with variations in the rotation of the Earth. This article describes how FreeBSD interacts with leap seconds. Un <emphasis>segundo intercalar</emphasis> es un ajuste de un segundo realizado en momentos específicos del año a UTC para sincronizar escalas de tiempo atómicas con variaciones en la rotación de la Tierra. Este artículo describe cómo FreeBSD interactúa con segundos intercalares.
As of this writing, the next leap second will occur at 2015-Jun-30 23:59:60 UTC. This leap second will occur during a business day for North and South America and the Asia/Pacific region. En el momento de escribir estas líneas, el próximo segundo intercalar ocurrirá el 30 de junio del 2015 a las 23:59:60 UTC. Este segundo intercalar ocurrirá durante un dí­a laboral para América del Norte y del Sur y la región Asia/Pací­fico.
Leap seconds are announced by <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> on <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Bulletin C</link>. Los segundos intercalares son anunciados por el <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> en el <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Boletín C</link>.
Standard leap second behavior is described in <link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link>. Also see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. El comportamiento estándar de los segundos intercalares se describe en <link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfclink7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link>. Véase también <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
Default Leap Second Handling on FreeBSD Manejo por defecto de los segundos intercalares en FreeBSD
The easiest way to handle leap seconds is with the <acronym>POSIX</acronym> time rules FreeBSD uses by default, combined with <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is running and the time is synchronized with upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers that handle leap seconds correctly, the leap second will cause the system time to automatically repeat the last second of the day. No other adjustments are necessary. La manera más fácil de manejar segundos intercalares es con las reglas de tiempo de <acronym>POSIX</acronym> que FreeBSD utiliza por defecto, combinadas con <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/es_ES.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. Cuando <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> se esté ejecutando y el tiempo esté sincronizado con servidores remotos de <acronym>NTP</acronym> que manejen segundos intercalares correctamente, dicho segundo intercalar hará que el tiempo del sistema automáticamente repita el último segundo del dí­a. Ningún otro ajuste es necesario.
If the upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers do not handle leap seconds correctly, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will step the time by one second after the errant upstream server has noticed and stepped itself. Si los servidores remotos de <acronym>NTP</acronym> no manejan los segundos intercalares correctamente, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> aumentará el tiempo en un segundo, después de que el servidor errático lo haya notado y haya saltado él mismo ese segundo.
If <acronym>NTP</acronym> is not being used, manual adjustment of the system clock will be required after the leap second has passed. Si no se usa <acronym>NTP</acronym>, se requerirá el ajuste manual del reloj del sistema una vez que el segundo intercalar haya pasado.
Cautions Precauciones
Leap seconds are inserted at the same instant all over the world: <acronym>UTC</acronym> midnight. In Japan that is mid-morning, in the Pacific mid-day, in the Americas late afternoon, and in Europe at night. Los segundos intercalares se insertan en el mismo instante en todo el mundo: a medianoche según <acronym>UTC</acronym>. En Japón esto ocurre a media mañana, en el Pacífico al mediodía, en América es por la tarde-noche y en Europa por la noche.
We believe and expect that FreeBSD, if provided correct and stable <acronym>NTP</acronym> service, will work as designed during this leap second, as it did during the previous ones. Creemos y esperamos que FreeBSD, si se proporciona un servicio <acronym>NTP</acronym> correcto y estable, funcionará como se diseñó durante este segundo, como lo hizo durante los anteriores.
However, we caution that practically no applications have ever asked the kernel about leap seconds. Our experience is that, as designed, leap seconds are essentially a replay of the second before the leap second, and this is a surprise to most application programmers. De todas formas, asumimos que prácticamente ninguna aplicación ha requerido información del kernel acerca del segundo intercalar. Nuestra experiencia es que, tal como está diseñado, el segundo intercalar es esencialmente una repetición del segundo antes del segundo intercalar, esto es una sorpresa para la mayoría de los programadores.

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This translation Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_leap-seconds
The following strings have the same context and source.
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_hubs Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019translator-credits
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_bsdl-gpl Federico CManuel Megías joramsiniti demian.fc@gkin@hotmail.com, 2018
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
Aaron H Farias Martinez Timido@ubuntu.com, 2020
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_committers-guide Federico CManuel Megías joramsiniti demian.fc@gkin@hotmail.com, 2019
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_contributing Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comJosé Ramón Baz jr_baz@hartu.net
José Vicente Carrasco carvay@es.FreeBSD.org
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019,2020
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_building-products Federico CManuel Megías joramsiniti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.orgkin@hotmail.com, 2018
Aaron H Farias Martinez timido@ubuntu.com, 201920
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_contributors Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.orgAaron H Farias Martinez timido@ubuntu.com, 201920
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_ipsec-must Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_filtering-bridge Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 201920
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_explaining-bsd Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comJosé Ramón Baz jr_baz@hartu.net
José Vicente Carrasco carvay@es.FreeBSD.org
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Aaron H Farias Martinez timido@ubuntu.com 2020
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/books_handbook Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.orgAaron H Farias Martinez <Timido@ubuntu.com>, 201920
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_mailing-list-faq Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.comEquipo de traducción de FreeBSD al Español
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_pgpkeys Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/books_porters-handbook Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019Aaron H Farias Martinez Timido@ubuntu.com 2020,
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/books_faq Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com, 2015, 2016
Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/books_developers-handbook Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.orgAaron H Farias Martinez Timido@ubuntu.com, 201920,
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/books_fdp-primer Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.orgAaron H Farias Martinez Timido@ubuntu.com, 201920
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_serial-uart Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019Aaron H Farias Martinez Timido@ubuntu.com 2020,
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/books_design-44bsd Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.orgAaron H Farias Martinez timido@ubuntu.com, 201920
Translated FreeBSD Doc (Archived)/articles_freebsd-releng Federico Caminiti demian.fc@gmail.com Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailboxFreeBSD.org, 2019

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Sergio Carlavilla carlavilla@mailbox.org, 2019
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