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FreeBSD Support for Leap Seconds FreeBSD 對潤秒的支援
$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/leap-seconds/article.xml 51243 2017-11-30 14:49:53Z ygy $
Introduction 說明
A <emphasis>leap second</emphasis> is an one second adjustment made at specific times of year to UTC to synchronize atomic time scales with variations in the rotation of the Earth. This article describes how FreeBSD interacts with leap seconds.
As of this writing, the next leap second will occur at 2015-Jun-30 23:59:60 UTC. This leap second will occur during a business day for North and South America and the Asia/Pacific region. 本文寫作時，下一個潤秒會發生在2015年6月30日23:59:60 CST。下一次潤秒會發生在南北美洲和亞太地區的工作日。
Leap seconds are announced by <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> on <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Bulletin C</link>. 潤秒是由 <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/"><acronym>IERS</acronym></link> 在 <link xlink:href="http://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/bulletins/-/somos/5Rgv/product/16">Bulletin C</link>所發表。
Standard leap second behavior is described in <link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link>. Also see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. 標準的潤秒行為描述在<link xlink:href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7164#section-3">RFC 7164</link>.。也可見 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>time2posix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>。
Default Leap Second Handling on FreeBSD FreeBSD預設的潤秒處理
The easiest way to handle leap seconds is with the <acronym>POSIX</acronym> time rules FreeBSD uses by default, combined with <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>. When <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> is running and the time is synchronized with upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers that handle leap seconds correctly, the leap second will cause the system time to automatically repeat the last second of the day. No other adjustments are necessary. 最簡單的處理潤秒方法使用FreeBSD預設的 <acronym>POSIX</acronym> 時間規則，並使用 <link xlink:href="../../../../doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/network-ntp.html"><acronym>NTP</acronym></link>。如果 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 在執行，而且時間和上游正確處理潤秒的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 伺服器同步，潤秒會使系統時間自動重複當天的最後一秒。不需要其他調整。
If the upstream <acronym>NTP</acronym> servers do not handle leap seconds correctly, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will step the time by one second after the errant upstream server has noticed and stepped itself. 如果上游的 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 伺服器無法正確地處理潤秒， <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ntpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> 會在錯誤的上游伺服器發現錯誤並跳一秒後，跟著把時間跳一秒。
If <acronym>NTP</acronym> is not being used, manual adjustment of the system clock will be required after the leap second has passed. 如果未使用 <acronym>NTP</acronym> ，將需要在潤秒過後，手動調整系統時鐘。
Cautions 警告
Leap seconds are inserted at the same instant all over the world: <acronym>UTC</acronym> midnight. In Japan that is mid-morning, in the Pacific mid-day, in the Americas late afternoon, and in Europe at night. 潤秒的插入在全世界是在同一個瞬間： <acronym>UTC</acronym> 午夜。在日本，是在上午九點，在太平洋，是正午，在美洲，是傍晚，在歐洲，是晚上。
We believe and expect that FreeBSD, if provided correct and stable <acronym>NTP</acronym> service, will work as designed during this leap second, as it did during the previous ones. 我們相信和預期，如果提供正確和穩定的<acronym>NTP</acronym> 服務，FreeBSD會如設計地在這次潤秒正確運作，就像在之前遇到潤秒時一樣。
However, we caution that practically no applications have ever asked the kernel about leap seconds. Our experience is that, as designed, leap seconds are essentially a replay of the second before the leap second, and this is a surprise to most application programmers. 然而我們要警告，實務上沒有應用程式曾經要求核心關於潤秒的事。我們的經驗是，如同設計，潤秒本質上是潤秒前一秒的重播，這對大部份應用程式設計師來說是意想不到的事。
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Context
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Source string comment
Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2
String age
2 months ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
articles/zh_TW/leap-seconds.po, string 1