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(itstool) path: legalnotice/para
RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of RealNetworks, Inc.
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Context English Portuguese (Brazil) State
_ translator-credits Edson Brandi, ebrandi@FreeBSD.org, 2018
Kanazuchi, contato@kanazuchi.com, 2018
Danilo G. Baio, dbaio@FreeBSD.org, 2018
<trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> emulation in FreeBSD Emulação de <trademark class="registered"> Linux </trademark> no FreeBSD

<email>rdivacky@FreeBSD.org</email>
<email>rdivacky@FreeBSD.org</email>
<personname> <firstname>Roman</firstname> <surname>Divacky</surname> </personname> <affiliation> <_:address-1/> </affiliation> <personname> <firstname>Roman</firstname> <surname>Divacky</surname> </personname> <affiliation> <_:address-1/> </affiliation>
Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.
IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
NetBSD is a registered trademark of the NetBSD Foundation. NetBSD is a registered trademark of the NetBSD Foundation.
RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of RealNetworks, Inc. RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of RealNetworks, Inc.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</quote> symbol. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</quote> symbol.
$FreeBSD$
This masters thesis deals with updating the <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> emulation layer (the so called <firstterm>Linuxulator</firstterm>). The task was to update the layer to match the functionality of <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6. As a reference implementation, the <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6.16 kernel was chosen. The concept is loosely based on the NetBSD implementation. Most of the work was done in the summer of 2006 as a part of the Google Summer of Code students program. The focus was on bringing the <firstterm>NPTL</firstterm> (new <trademark class="registered">POSIX</trademark> thread library) support into the emulation layer, including <firstterm>TLS</firstterm> (thread local storage), <firstterm>futexes</firstterm> (fast user space mutexes), <firstterm>PID mangling</firstterm>, and some other minor things. Many small problems were identified and fixed in the process. My work was integrated into the main FreeBSD source repository and will be shipped in the upcoming 7.0R release. We, the emulation development team, are working on making the <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6 emulation the default emulation layer in FreeBSD. Essa tese master lida com a atualização da camada de emulação do <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> (o chamado <firstterm>Linuxulator</firstterm>). A tarefa foi atualizar a camada para casar com a funcionalidade do <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6. Como uma referencia a implementação, o kernel <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6.16 foi escolhido. O conceito é perdidamente baseado na implementação do NetBSD. Maior parte do trabalho foi feito no verão de 2006 como parte de um programa de estudante do Google Summer of Code. O foco foi trazer o suporte do <firstterm>NPTL</firstterm> (nova biblioteca de threads <trademark class="registered">POSIX</trademark>) pra dentro da camada de emulação, incluindo <firstterm>TLS</firstterm> (thread local storage), <firstterm>futexes</firstterm> (mutexes rapidos na camada de usuario), <firstterm>PID mangling</firstterm>, e algumas outras coisas menores. Muitos pequenos problemas foram identificados e corrigidos. Meu trabalho foi integrado dentro do repositório de principal do FreeBSD e vai ser ligado ao 7.0R release. Nós, o time de desenvolvimento de emulação estamos trabalhando na emulação do <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6 a camada de emulação padr
ão do FreeBSD.
Introduction Introdução
In the last few years the open source <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> based operating systems started to be widely deployed on server and client machines. Among these operating systems I would like to point out two: FreeBSD, for its BSD heritage, time proven code base and many interesting features and <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> for its wide user base, enthusiastic open developer community and support from large companies. FreeBSD tends to be used on server class machines serving heavy duty networking tasks with less usage on desktop class machines for ordinary users. While <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> has the same usage on servers, but it is used much more by home based users. This leads to a situation where there are many binary only programs available for <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> that lack support for FreeBSD. Nos últimos anos, os sistemas operacionais baseados em código aberto <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> começaram a ser amplamente implantados em máquinas servidores e clientes. Entre esses sistemas operacionais eu gostaria de destacar dois: FreeBSD, por sua herança BSD, base de código comprovada pelo tempo e muitos recursos interessantes e <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> por sua ampla base de usuários, entusiasta comunidade aberta de desenvolvedores e apoio de grandes empresas. O FreeBSD tende a ser usado em máquinas de classe servidor, tarefas de rede pesadas com menos uso em máquinas de classe desktop para usuários comuns. Embora o <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> tenha o mesmo uso em servidores, mas é muito mais usado por usuários domésticos. Isto leva a uma situação onde existem muitos programas binários disponíveis apenas para <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> que não suportam o FreeBSD.
Naturally, a need for the ability to run <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> binaries on a FreeBSD system arises and this is what this thesis deals with: the emulation of the <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> kernel in the FreeBSD operating system. Naturalmente, surge a necessidade da habilidade de executar binários <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> em um sistema FreeBSD e é com isso que esta tese trata: a emulação do kernel do <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> no sistema operacional FreeBSD.
During the Summer of 2006 Google Inc. sponsored a project which focused on extending the <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> emulation layer (the so called Linuxulator) in FreeBSD to include <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6 facilities. This thesis is written as a part of this project. Durante o verão de 2006, a Google Inc. patrocinou um projeto que se concentrava em estender a camada de emulação do <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> (o chamado Linuxulator) no FreeBSD para incluir necessidades do <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> 2.6. Esta tese é escrita como parte deste projeto.
A look inside… Um olhar para dentro…
In this section we are going to describe every operating system in question. How they deal with syscalls, trapframes etc., all the low-level stuff. We also describe the way they understand common <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> primitives like what a PID is, what a thread is, etc. In the third subsection we talk about how <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> on <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> emulation could be done in general. Nesta seção vamos descrever cada sistema operacional em questão. Como eles lidam com syscalls, trapframes etc., todo o material de baixo nível. Também descrevemos a maneira como eles entendem primitivas comuns <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>, como o que é um PID, o que é uma thread, etc. Na terceira subseção, falamos sobre como <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> em emuladores <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> pode ser feita em geral.
What is <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> O que é o <trademark class="registered"> UNIX </trademark>
<trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> is an operating system with a long history that has influenced almost every other operating system currently in use. Starting in the 1960s, its development continues to this day (although in different projects). <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> development soon forked into two main ways: the BSDs and System III/V families. They mutually influenced themselves by growing a common <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> standard. Among the contributions originated in BSD we can name virtual memory, TCP/IP networking, FFS, and many others. The System V branch contributed to SysV interprocess communication primitives, copy-on-write, etc. <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> itself does not exist any more but its ideas have been used by many other operating systems world wide thus forming the so called <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>-like operating systems. These days the most influential ones are <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark>, Solaris, and possibly (to some extent) FreeBSD. There are in-company <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> derivatives (AIX, HP-UX etc.), but these have been more and more migrated to the aforementioned systems. Let us summarize typical <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> characteristics. <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> é um sistema operacional com um longo histórico que influenciou quase todos os outros sistemas operacionais atualmente em uso. Começando na década de 1960, seu desenvolvimento continua até hoje (embora em projetos diferentes). O desenvolvimento de <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> logo se bifurcou em duas formas principais: as famílias BSDs e System III/V. Eles se influenciaram mutuamente ao desenvolver um padrão <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> comum. Entre as contribuições originadas no BSD, podemos nomear memória virtual, rede TCP/IP, FFS e muitas outras. A ramificação SystemV contribuiu para as primitivas de comunicação entre processos SysV, copy-on-write, etc. <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> em si não existe mais, mas suas idéias têm sido usadas por muitos outros sistemas operacionais amplos formando assim os chamados sistemas operacionais como <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>. Hoje em dia os mais influentes são <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark>, Solaris e possivelmente (até certo ponto) FreeBSD. Existem sistemas <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> de companhias derivados como (AIX, HP-UX etc.), mas estas foram cada vez mais migrados para os sistemas acima mencionados. Vamos resumir as características típicas do <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark>.
Technical details Detalhes técnicos
Every running program constitutes a process that represents a state of the computation. Running process is divided between kernel-space and user-space. Some operations can be done only from kernel space (dealing with hardware etc.), but the process should spend most of its lifetime in the user space. The kernel is where the management of the processes, hardware, and low-level details take place. The kernel provides a standard unified <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> API to the user space. The most important ones are covered below. Todo programa em execução constitui um processo que representa um estado da computação. O processo de execução é dividido entre o espaço do kernel e o espaço do usuário. Algumas operações podem ser feitas somente a partir do espaço do kernel (lidando com hardware, etc.), mas o processo deve passar a maior parte de sua vida útil no espaço do usuário. O kernel é onde o gerenciamento dos processos, hardware e detalhes de baixo nível acontecem. O kernel fornece uma API unificada padrão <trademark class="registered">UNIX</trademark> para o espaço do usuário. Os mais importantes são abordados abaixo.
ComponentTranslation
This translation Translated FreeBSD Doc/articles_linux-emulation RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of RealNetworks, Inc.
The following string has the same context and source.
Translated FreeBSD Doc/books_handbook RealNetworks, RealPlayer e RealAudio são marcas comerciais registradas (trademarks) da RealNetworks, Inc.

Change compared to this translation:

RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and e RealAudio are the registered são marcas comerciais registradas (trademarks of) da RealNetworks, Inc.

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Glossary

English Portuguese (Brazil)
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Source information

Source string comment
(itstool) path: legalnotice/para
Flags
ignore-same
Source string location
article.translate.xml:36
String age
a year ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
articles/pt_BR/linux-emulation.po, string 10