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UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.

UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</quote> symbol.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</quote> symbol.

This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to advanced <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> users with the basics of FreeBSD.

El objetivo de este documento es familiarizar rápidamente a los usuarios intermedios y avanzados de <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> con los conceptos básicos de FreeBSD.

Introduction

Introducción

This document highlights some of the technical differences between FreeBSD and <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> so that intermediate to advanced <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> users can quickly familiarize themselves with the basics of FreeBSD.

Este documento destaca algunas de las diferencias técnicas entre FreeBSD y <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> para que los usuarios intermedios y avanzados de <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> puedan familiarizarse rápidamente con los conceptos básicos de FreeBSD.

Default Shell

Shell por defecto

<trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> users are often surprised to find that <application>Bash</application> is not the default shell in FreeBSD. In fact, <application>Bash</application> is not included in the default installation. Instead, FreeBSD uses <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> as the default root shell, and the <application>Bourne shell</application>-compatible <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> as the default user shell. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is very similar to <application>Bash</application> but with a much smaller feature-set. Generally shell scripts written for <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> will run in <application>Bash</application>, but the reverse is not always true.

Los usuarios de <trademark class="registered">Linux</trademark> a menudo se sorprenden al descubrir que <application>Bash</application> no es la shell por defecto en FreeBSD. De hecho, <application>Bash</application> no está incluido en la instalación predeterminada. En su lugar, FreeBSD utiliza <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> como shell predeterminada para el usuario root y <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> como shell compatible con <application>Bourne shell</application> por defecto. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> es muy similar a <application>Bash</application> pero con un conjunto de características mucho más pequeño. Generalmente, los scripts escritos para <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> se ejecutarán en <application>Bash</application>, pero al contrario no siempre es así.

However, <application>Bash</application> and other shells are available for installation using the FreeBSD <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports.html">Packages and Ports Collection</link>.

Sin embargo, <application>Bash</application> y otras shells están disponibles para la instalación utilizando los <link xlink:href="@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/es_ES.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports.html">paquetes de FreeBSD y la Colección de Ports</link>.

After installing another shell, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to change a user's default shell. It is recommended that the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user's default shell remain unchanged since shells which are not included in the base distribution are installed to <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>. In the event of a problem, the file system where <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> is located may not be mounted. In this case, <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> would not have access to its default shell, preventing <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> from logging in and fixing the problem.

Después de instalar otra shell, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> para cambiar la shell predeterminada de un usuario. Se recomienda mantener la shell del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ya que las shells que no están incluidas en el sistema base se instalan en <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>. Si hay un problema, el sistema de archivos donde se encuentra <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> podría no estar montado. En este caso, el usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> podría no tener acceso a su shell por defecto, impidiendo que el usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> inicie sesión y solucione el problema.

Packages and Ports: Adding Software in FreeBSD

Paquetes y Ports: Instalar software en FreeBSD