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(itstool) path: section/para
English
PAM was defined and developed in 1995 by Vipin Samar and Charlie Lai of Sun Microsystems, and has not changed much since. In 1997, the Open Group published the X/Open Single Sign-on (XSSO) preliminary specification, which standardized the PAM API and added extensions for single (or rather integrated) sign-on. At the time of this writing, this specification has not yet been adopted as a standard.
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Context English Portuguese (Brazil) State
_ translator-credits Nilton José Rizzo aka rizzo@rizzo.eng.br
Edson Brandi, ebrandi@FreeBSD.org, 2018
Silvio Ap Silva, contato@kanazuchi.com, 2018
Pluggable Authentication Modules Módulos de Autenticação Plugáveis
This article describes the underlying principles and mechanisms of the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) library, and explains how to configure PAM, how to integrate PAM into applications, and how to write PAM modules. Esse artigo descreve princípios subjacentes e mecanismos da biblioteca de Módulos de Autenticação Plugáveis (PAM), e explica como configurar, como integrar com outras aplicações e como escrever novos módulos.
<year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> <year>2003</year> <holder>Networks Associates Technology, Inc.</holder> <year>2001</year> <year>2002</year> <year>2003</year> <holder>Networks Associates Technology, Inc.</holder>
<personname> <firstname>Dag-Erling</firstname> <surname>Smørgrav</surname> </personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib> <personname> <firstname>Dag-Erling</firstname> <surname>Smørgrav</surname> </personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
This article was written for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 (<quote>CBOSS</quote>), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program. This article was written for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035 (<quote>CBOSS</quote>), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation. FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.
Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</quote> symbol. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</quote> symbol.
$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/article.xml 54299 2020-06-27 18:15:55Z carlavilla $ $FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/article.xml 54299 2020-06-27 18:15:55Z carlavilla $
Introduction Introdução
The Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) library is a generalized API for authentication-related services which allows a system administrator to add new authentication methods simply by installing new PAM modules, and to modify authentication policies by editing configuration files. A biblioteca dos Módulos de Autenticação Plugáveis (PAM) é uma API generalizada para serviços relacionados com autenticações as quais permitem ao administrador de sistema adicionar um novo método de autenticação simplesmente pela instalação de um novo módulo PAM, e modificar a política de autenticação pela edição do arquivo de configuração.
PAM was defined and developed in 1995 by Vipin Samar and Charlie Lai of Sun Microsystems, and has not changed much since. In 1997, the Open Group published the X/Open Single Sign-on (XSSO) preliminary specification, which standardized the PAM API and added extensions for single (or rather integrated) sign-on. At the time of this writing, this specification has not yet been adopted as a standard. O PAM foi definido e desenvolvido em 1995 por Vipin Samar e Charlie Lai da Sun Microsystems, e não teve muitas mudanças até hoje. Em 1997, o Open Group publicou a especificação preliminar do X/Open Single Sign-on (XSSO), a qual padroniza a API do PAM e adiciona extensões para autenticação única ou integrada. No momento da redação deste documento, esta especificação ainda não tinha sido adotada como padrão.
Although this article focuses primarily on FreeBSD 5.x, which uses OpenPAM, it should be equally applicable to FreeBSD 4.x, which uses Linux-PAM, and other operating systems such as Linux and <trademark>Solaris</trademark>. Apesar deste artigo focar primariamente no sistema FreeBSD 5.x, o qual usa o OpenPAM, ele poderá ser igualmente aplicado ao FreeBSD 4.x, o qual usa o Linux-PAM, e a outros systemas operacionais, tais como o Linux e o <trademark>Solaris</trademark>.
Terms and Conventions Termos e convenções
Definitions Definições
The terminology surrounding PAM is rather confused. Neither Samar and Lai's original paper nor the XSSO specification made any attempt at formally defining terms for the various actors and entities involved in PAM, and the terms that they do use (but do not define) are sometimes misleading and ambiguous. The first attempt at establishing a consistent and unambiguous terminology was a whitepaper written by Andrew G. Morgan (author of Linux-PAM) in 1999. While Morgan's choice of terminology was a huge leap forward, it is in this author's opinion by no means perfect. What follows is an attempt, heavily inspired by Morgan, to define precise and unambiguous terms for all actors and entities involved in PAM. A terminologia em torno do PAM é bastante confusa. Nem o artigo original de Neither Samar e Lai nem a especificação original do XSSO fizeram algum esforço para definir formalmente os termos de vários atores e entidades envolvidas no PAM, e os termos que eles usam (mas não definem) são algumas vezes duvidosos ou ambíguos. A primeira tentativa de estabelecer uma terminologia consistente e não ambígua foi feita no artigo escrito por Andrew G. Morgan (autor do Linux-PAM) em 1999. A escolha da terminologia de Morgan foi um grande avanço, mas na opinião deste autor, não é perfeita. O que segue é uma tentativa, fortemente inspirada por Morgan, de definir termos precisos e não ambíguos para todos os atores e entidades envolvidas no PAM.
account conta (account)
The set of credentials the applicant is requesting from the arbitrator. Um conjunto de credenciais que o requerente está solicitando ao mediador.
applicant requerente (applicant)
The user or entity requesting authentication. Usuário ou entidade que solicita autenticação
arbitrator Mediador (arbitrator)
The user or entity who has the privileges necessary to verify the applicant's credentials and the authority to grant or deny the request. Usuário ou entidade a qual tem privilégios necessários para verificar as credenciais do requerente e autorizar ou não a solicitação
chain chain
A sequence of modules that will be invoked in response to a PAM request. The chain includes information about the order in which to invoke the modules, what arguments to pass to them, and how to interpret the results. Uma sequência de módulos que irá ser chamada em resposta a uma solicitação do PAM. A chain inclui informações sobre a ordem a qual invocar os módulos, quais argumentos foram passados e como interpretar os resultados.
client client
The application responsible for initiating an authentication request on behalf of the applicant and for obtaining the necessary authentication information from him. A aplicação responsável por inicializar uma solicitação de autenticação em nome do requerente para obter as informações necessárias da autenticação dele.
facility recursos

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English Portuguese (Brazil)
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Source string comment
(itstool) path: section/para
Source string location
article.translate.xml:106
String age
a year ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
articles/pt_BR/pam.po, string 15