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(itstool) path: biblioentry/citetitle
English
Making Login Services Independent of Authentication Technologies
75/640 · 64
Context English Portuguese (Brazil) State
PAM Application Programming Programação de Aplicação PAM
This section has not yet been written. Esta seção ainda não foi escrita.
PAM Module Programming Programação de Módulos PAM
Sample PAM Application Exemplo de Aplicação PAM
The following is a minimal implementation of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> using PAM. Note that it uses the OpenPAM-specific <citerefentry><refentrytitle>openpam_ttyconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> conversation function, which is prototyped in <filename>security/openpam.h</filename>. If you wish build this application on a system with a different PAM library, you will have to provide your own conversation function. A robust conversation function is surprisingly difficult to implement; the one presented in <xref linkend="pam-sample-conv"/> is a good starting point, but should not be used in real-world applications. O que vem a seguir é uma implementação mínima de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utilizando o PAM. Observe que ele usa a função de conversa <citerefentry><refentrytitle>openpam_ttyconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> específica do OpenPAM, que é prototipada em <filename>security/openpam.h</filename> . Se você deseja construir este aplicativo em um sistema com uma biblioteca PAM diferente, você terá que fornecer sua própria função de conversação. Uma função de conversa robusta é surpreendentemente difícil de implementar; o apresentado em <xref linkend="pam-sample-conv"/> é um bom ponto de partida, mas não deve ser usado em aplicações do mundo real.
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002,2003 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
* Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of
* Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
* ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $P4: //depot/projects/openpam/bin/su/su.c#10 $
* $FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/su.c 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $
*/

#include &lt;sys/param.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/wait.h&gt;

#include &lt;err.h&gt;
#include &lt;pwd.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;syslog.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

#include &lt;security/pam_appl.h&gt;
#include &lt;security/openpam.h&gt; /* for openpam_ttyconv() */

extern char **environ;

static pam_handle_t *pamh;
static struct pam_conv pamc;

static void
usage(void)
{

fprintf(stderr, "Usage: su [login [args]]\n");
exit(1);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
const char *user, *tty;
char **args, **pam_envlist, **pam_env;
struct passwd *pwd;
int o, pam_err, status;
pid_t pid;

while ((o = getopt(argc, argv, "h")) != -1)
switch (o) {
case 'h':
default:
usage();
}

argc -= optind;
argv += optind;

if (argc &gt; 0) {
user = *argv;
--argc;
++argv;
} else {
user = "root";
}

/* initialize PAM */
pamc.conv = &amp;openpam_ttyconv;
pam_start("su", user, &amp;pamc, &amp;pamh);

/* set some items */
gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
if ((pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, hostname)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;
user = getlogin();
if ((pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RUSER, user)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;
tty = ttyname(STDERR_FILENO);
if ((pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, tty)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* authenticate the applicant */
if ((pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, 0)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;
if ((pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, 0)) == PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD)
pam_err = pam_chauthtok(pamh, PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* establish the requested credentials */
if ((pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* authentication succeeded; open a session */
if ((pam_err = pam_open_session(pamh, 0)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* get mapped user name; PAM may have changed it */
pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_USER, (const void **)&amp;user);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS || (pwd = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
goto pamerr;

/* export PAM environment */
if ((pam_envlist = pam_getenvlist(pamh)) != NULL) {
for (pam_env = pam_envlist; *pam_env != NULL; ++pam_env) {
putenv(*pam_env);
free(*pam_env);
}
free(pam_envlist);
}

/* build argument list */
if ((args = calloc(argc + 2, sizeof *args)) == NULL) {
warn("calloc()");
goto err;
}
*args = pwd-&gt;pw_shell;
memcpy(args + 1, argv, argc * sizeof *args);

/* fork and exec */
switch ((pid = fork())) {
case -1:
warn("fork()");
goto err;
case 0:
/* child: give up privs and start a shell */

/* set uid and groups */
if (initgroups(pwd-&gt;pw_name, pwd-&gt;pw_gid) == -1) {
warn("initgroups()");
_exit(1);
}
if (setgid(pwd-&gt;pw_gid) == -1) {
warn("setgid()");
_exit(1);
}
if (setuid(pwd-&gt;pw_uid) == -1) {
warn("setuid()");
_exit(1);
}
execve(*args, args, environ);
warn("execve()");
_exit(1);
default:
/* parent: wait for child to exit */
waitpid(pid, &amp;status, 0);

/* close the session and release PAM resources */
pam_err = pam_close_session(pamh, 0);
pam_end(pamh, pam_err);

exit(WEXITSTATUS(status));
}

pamerr:
fprintf(stderr, "Sorry\n");
err:
pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
exit(1);
}
 		/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002,2003 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
* Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of
* Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
* ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $P4: //depot/projects/openpam/bin/su/su.c#10 $
* $FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/su.c 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $
*/

#include &lt;sys/param.h&gt;
#include &lt;sys/wait.h&gt;

#include &lt;err.h&gt;
#include &lt;pwd.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;syslog.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

#include &lt;security/pam_appl.h&gt;
#include &lt;security/openpam.h&gt; /* for openpam_ttyconv() */

extern char **environ;

static pam_handle_t *pamh;
static struct pam_conv pamc;

static void
usage(void)
{

fprintf(stderr, "Usage: su [login [args]]\n");
exit(1);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
const char *user, *tty;
char **args, **pam_envlist, **pam_env;
struct passwd *pwd;
int o, pam_err, status;
pid_t pid;

while ((o = getopt(argc, argv, "h")) != -1)
switch (o) {
case 'h':
default:
usage();
}

argc -= optind;
argv += optind;

if (argc &gt; 0) {
user = *argv;
--argc;
++argv;
} else {
user = "root";
}

/* initialize PAM */
pamc.conv = &amp;openpam_ttyconv;
pam_start("su", user, &amp;pamc, &amp;pamh);

/* set some items */
gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
if ((pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, hostname)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;
user = getlogin();
if ((pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RUSER, user)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;
tty = ttyname(STDERR_FILENO);
if ((pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, tty)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* authenticate the applicant */
if ((pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, 0)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;
if ((pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, 0)) == PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD)
pam_err = pam_chauthtok(pamh, PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* establish the requested credentials */
if ((pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* authentication succeeded; open a session */
if ((pam_err = pam_open_session(pamh, 0)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
goto pamerr;

/* get mapped user name; PAM may have changed it */
pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_USER, (const void **)&amp;user);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS || (pwd = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
goto pamerr;

/* export PAM environment */
if ((pam_envlist = pam_getenvlist(pamh)) != NULL) {
for (pam_env = pam_envlist; *pam_env != NULL; ++pam_env) {
putenv(*pam_env);
free(*pam_env);
}
free(pam_envlist);
}

/* build argument list */
if ((args = calloc(argc + 2, sizeof *args)) == NULL) {
warn("calloc()");
goto err;
}
*args = pwd-&gt;pw_shell;
memcpy(args + 1, argv, argc * sizeof *args);

/* fork and exec */
switch ((pid = fork())) {
case -1:
warn("fork()");
goto err;
case 0:
/* child: give up privs and start a shell */

/* set uid and groups */
if (initgroups(pwd-&gt;pw_name, pwd-&gt;pw_gid) == -1) {
warn("initgroups()");
_exit(1);
}
if (setgid(pwd-&gt;pw_gid) == -1) {
warn("setgid()");
_exit(1);
}
if (setuid(pwd-&gt;pw_uid) == -1) {
warn("setuid()");
_exit(1);
}
execve(*args, args, environ);
warn("execve()");
_exit(1);
default:
/* parent: wait for child to exit */
waitpid(pid, &amp;status, 0);

/* close the session and release PAM resources */
pam_err = pam_close_session(pamh, 0);
pam_end(pamh, pam_err);

exit(WEXITSTATUS(status));
}

pamerr:
fprintf(stderr, "Sorry\n");
err:
pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
exit(1);
}
Sample PAM Module Exemplo do módulo PAM
The following is a minimal implementation of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, offering only authentication services. It should build and run with most PAM implementations, but takes advantage of OpenPAM extensions if available: note the use of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_get_authtok</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which enormously simplifies prompting the user for a password. Segue-se uma implementação mínima de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, oferecendo apenas serviços de autenticação. Ele deve ser compilado e executado com a maioria das implementações do PAM, mas aproveita as extensões do OpenPAM, se disponível: observe o uso de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_get_authtok</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, que simplifica enormemente solicitando ao usuário uma senha.
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
* Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of
* Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
* ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $P4: //depot/projects/openpam/modules/pam_unix/pam_unix.c#3 $
* $FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/pam_unix.c 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $
*/

#include &lt;sys/param.h&gt;

#include &lt;pwd.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

#include &lt;security/pam_modules.h&gt;
#include &lt;security/pam_appl.h&gt;

#ifndef _OPENPAM
static char password_prompt[] = "Password:";
#endif

#ifndef PAM_EXTERN
#define PAM_EXTERN
#endif

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_authenticate(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{
#ifndef _OPENPAM
struct pam_conv *conv;
struct pam_message msg;
const struct pam_message *msgp;
struct pam_response *resp;
#endif
struct passwd *pwd;
const char *user;
char *crypt_password, *password;
int pam_err, retry;

/* identify user */
if ((pam_err = pam_get_user(pamh, &amp;user, NULL)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
return (pam_err);
if ((pwd = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
return (PAM_USER_UNKNOWN);

/* get password */
#ifndef _OPENPAM
pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_CONV, (const void **)&amp;conv);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
return (PAM_SYSTEM_ERR);
msg.msg_style = PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF;
msg.msg = password_prompt;
msgp = &amp;msg;
#endif
for (retry = 0; retry &lt; 3; ++retry) {
#ifdef _OPENPAM
pam_err = pam_get_authtok(pamh, PAM_AUTHTOK,
(const char **)&amp;password, NULL);
#else
resp = NULL;
pam_err = (*conv-&gt;conv)(1, &amp;msgp, &amp;resp, conv-&gt;appdata_ptr);
if (resp != NULL) {
if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS)
password = resp-&gt;resp;
else
free(resp-&gt;resp);
free(resp);
}
#endif
if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS)
break;
}
if (pam_err == PAM_CONV_ERR)
return (pam_err);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
return (PAM_AUTH_ERR);

/* compare passwords */
if ((!pwd-&gt;pw_passwd[0] &amp;&amp; (flags &amp; PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK)) ||
(crypt_password = crypt(password, pwd-&gt;pw_passwd)) == NULL ||
strcmp(crypt_password, pwd-&gt;pw_passwd) != 0)
pam_err = PAM_AUTH_ERR;
else
pam_err = PAM_SUCCESS;
#ifndef _OPENPAM
free(password);
#endif
return (pam_err);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_setcred(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_acct_mgmt(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_open_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_close_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_chauthtok(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
}

#ifdef PAM_MODULE_ENTRY
PAM_MODULE_ENTRY("pam_unix");
#endif
 		/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
* Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of
* Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
* ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $P4: //depot/projects/openpam/modules/pam_unix/pam_unix.c#3 $
* $FreeBSD: head/pt_BR.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/pt_BR.po 52677 2018-12-12 13:08:17Z ebrandi $
*/

#include &lt;sys/param.h&gt;

#include &lt;pwd.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

#include &lt;security/pam_modules.h&gt;
#include &lt;security/pam_appl.h&gt;

#ifndef _OPENPAM
static char password_prompt[] = "Password:";
#endif

#ifndef PAM_EXTERN
#define PAM_EXTERN
#endif

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_authenticate(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{
#ifndef _OPENPAM
struct pam_conv *conv;
struct pam_message msg;
const struct pam_message *msgp;
struct pam_response *resp;
#endif
struct passwd *pwd;
const char *user;
char *crypt_password, *password;
int pam_err, retry;

/* identify user */
if ((pam_err = pam_get_user(pamh, &amp;user, NULL)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
return (pam_err);
if ((pwd = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
return (PAM_USER_UNKNOWN);

/* get password */
#ifndef _OPENPAM
pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_CONV, (const void **)&amp;conv);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
return (PAM_SYSTEM_ERR);
msg.msg_style = PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF;
msg.msg = password_prompt;
msgp = &amp;msg;
#endif
for (retry = 0; retry &lt; 3; ++retry) {
#ifdef _OPENPAM
pam_err = pam_get_authtok(pamh, PAM_AUTHTOK,
(const char **)&amp;password, NULL);
#else
resp = NULL;
pam_err = (*conv-&gt;conv)(1, &amp;msgp, &amp;resp, conv-&gt;appdata_ptr);
if (resp != NULL) {
if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS)
password = resp-&gt;resp;
else
free(resp-&gt;resp);
free(resp);
}
#endif
if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS)
break;
}
if (pam_err == PAM_CONV_ERR)
return (pam_err);
if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
return (PAM_AUTH_ERR);

/* compare passwords */
if ((!pwd-&gt;pw_passwd[0] &amp;&amp; (flags &amp; PAM_DISALLOW_NULL_AUTHTOK)) ||
(crypt_password = crypt(password, pwd-&gt;pw_passwd)) == NULL ||
strcmp(crypt_password, pwd-&gt;pw_passwd) != 0)
pam_err = PAM_AUTH_ERR;
else
pam_err = PAM_SUCCESS;
#ifndef _OPENPAM
free(password);
#endif
return (pam_err);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_setcred(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_acct_mgmt(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_open_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_close_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SUCCESS);
}

PAM_EXTERN int
pam_sm_chauthtok(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
int argc, const char *argv[])
{

return (PAM_SERVICE_ERR);
}

#ifdef PAM_MODULE_ENTRY
PAM_MODULE_ENTRY("pam_unix");
#endif
Sample PAM Conversation Function Exemplo de função de conversação PAM
The conversation function presented below is a greatly simplified version of OpenPAM's <citerefentry><refentrytitle>openpam_ttyconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It is fully functional, and should give the reader a good idea of how a conversation function should behave, but it is far too simple for real-world use. Even if you are not using OpenPAM, feel free to download the source code and adapt <citerefentry><refentrytitle>openpam_ttyconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> to your uses; we believe it to be as robust as a tty-oriented conversation function can reasonably get. A função de conversação apresentada abaixo é uma versão bastante simplificada do <citerefentry><refentrytitle>openpam_ttyconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum></manvolnum></citerefentry> do OpenPAM. Ele é totalmente funcional e deve dar ao leitor uma boa ideia de como uma função de conversa deve se comportar, mas é simples demais para uso no mundo real. Mesmo se você não estiver usando o OpenPAM, sinta-se à vontade para baixar o código-fonte e adaptar <citerefentry><refentrytitle>openpam_ttyconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> aos seus usos; acreditamos que seja tão robusto quanto uma função de conversa orientada para tty pode razoavelmente ser.
/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
* Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of
* Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
* ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/converse.c 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $
*/

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

#include &lt;security/pam_appl.h&gt;

int
converse(int n, const struct pam_message **msg,
struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
{
struct pam_response *aresp;
char buf[PAM_MAX_RESP_SIZE];
int i;

data = data;
if (n &lt;= 0 || n &gt; PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
if ((aresp = calloc(n, sizeof *aresp)) == NULL)
return (PAM_BUF_ERR);
for (i = 0; i &lt; n; ++i) {
aresp[i].resp_retcode = 0;
aresp[i].resp = NULL;
switch (msg[i]-&gt;msg_style) {
case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
aresp[i].resp = strdup(getpass(msg[i]-&gt;msg));
if (aresp[i].resp == NULL)
goto fail;
break;
case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
fputs(msg[i]-&gt;msg, stderr);
if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin) == NULL)
goto fail;
aresp[i].resp = strdup(buf);
if (aresp[i].resp == NULL)
goto fail;
break;
case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
fputs(msg[i]-&gt;msg, stderr);
if (strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) &gt; 0 &amp;&amp;
msg[i]-&gt;msg[strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) - 1] != '\n')
fputc('\n', stderr);
break;
case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
fputs(msg[i]-&gt;msg, stdout);
if (strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) &gt; 0 &amp;&amp;
msg[i]-&gt;msg[strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) - 1] != '\n')
fputc('\n', stdout);
break;
default:
goto fail;
}
}
*resp = aresp;
return (PAM_SUCCESS);
fail:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n; ++i) {
if (aresp[i].resp != NULL) {
memset(aresp[i].resp, 0, strlen(aresp[i].resp));
free(aresp[i].resp);
}
}
memset(aresp, 0, n * sizeof *aresp);
*resp = NULL;
return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
}
 		/*-
* Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by ThinkSec AS and
* Network Associates Laboratories, the Security Research Division of
* Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
* ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
* products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/converse.c 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $
*/

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

#include &lt;security/pam_appl.h&gt;

int
converse(int n, const struct pam_message **msg,
struct pam_response **resp, void *data)
{
struct pam_response *aresp;
char buf[PAM_MAX_RESP_SIZE];
int i;

data = data;
if (n &lt;= 0 || n &gt; PAM_MAX_NUM_MSG)
return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
if ((aresp = calloc(n, sizeof *aresp)) == NULL)
return (PAM_BUF_ERR);
for (i = 0; i &lt; n; ++i) {
aresp[i].resp_retcode = 0;
aresp[i].resp = NULL;
switch (msg[i]-&gt;msg_style) {
case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF:
aresp[i].resp = strdup(getpass(msg[i]-&gt;msg));
if (aresp[i].resp == NULL)
goto fail;
break;
case PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON:
fputs(msg[i]-&gt;msg, stderr);
if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin) == NULL)
goto fail;
aresp[i].resp = strdup(buf);
if (aresp[i].resp == NULL)
goto fail;
break;
case PAM_ERROR_MSG:
fputs(msg[i]-&gt;msg, stderr);
if (strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) &gt; 0 &amp;&amp;
msg[i]-&gt;msg[strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) - 1] != '\n')
fputc('\n', stderr);
break;
case PAM_TEXT_INFO:
fputs(msg[i]-&gt;msg, stdout);
if (strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) &gt; 0 &amp;&amp;
msg[i]-&gt;msg[strlen(msg[i]-&gt;msg) - 1] != '\n')
fputc('\n', stdout);
break;
default:
goto fail;
}
}
*resp = aresp;
return (PAM_SUCCESS);
fail:
for (i = 0; i &lt; n; ++i) {
if (aresp[i].resp != NULL) {
memset(aresp[i].resp, 0, strlen(aresp[i].resp));
free(aresp[i].resp);
}
}
memset(aresp, 0, n * sizeof *aresp);
*resp = NULL;
return (PAM_CONV_ERR);
}
Further Reading Leitura Adicional
This is a list of documents relevant to PAM and related issues. It is by no means complete. Esta é uma lista de documentos relevantes para o PAM e questões relacionadas. Não está de modo algum completo.
Papers Papers
Making Login Services Independent of Authentication Technologies Tornando os Serviços de Login Independentes das Tecnologias de Autenticação
<personname> <surname>Samar</surname> <firstname>Vipin</firstname> </personname> <personname> <surname>Samar</surname> <firstname>Vipin</firstname> </personname>
<personname> <surname>Lai</surname> <firstname>Charlie</firstname> </personname> <personname> <surname>Lai</surname> <firstname>Charlie</firstname> </personname>
Sun Microsystems Sun Microsystems
<link xlink:href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/8329799/toc.htm">X/Open Single Sign-on Preliminary Specification</link> <link xlink:href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/8329799/toc.htm">Especificação Preliminar do X/Open Single Sign-on</link>
The Open Group O grupo aberto
1-85912-144-6 1-85912-144-6
June 1997 Junho de 1997
<link xlink:href="https://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/pre/doc/draft-morgan-pam-07.txt"> Pluggable Authentication Modules</link> <link xlink:href="https://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/pre/doc/draft-morgan-pam-07.txt">Módulos de Autenticação Plugáveis</link>
<personname> <surname>Morgan</surname> <firstname>Andrew</firstname> <othername role="mi">G.</othername> </personname> <personname> <surname>Morgan</surname> <firstname>Andrew</firstname> <othername role="mi">G.</othername> </personname>
1999-10-06 06-10-1999
User Manuals Manuais do usuário
<link xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E26505_01/html/E27224/pam-1.html"> PAM Administration</link> <link xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E26505_01/html/E27224/pam-1.html">Administração do PAM</link>
Related Web Pages Páginas Web Relacionadas
<link xlink:href="https://www.openpam.org/">OpenPAM homepage</link> <link xlink:href="https://www.openpam.org/">Homepage do OpenPAM</link>
<personname> <surname>Smørgrav</surname> <firstname>Dag-Erling</firstname> </personname> <personname> <surname>Smørgrav</surname> <firstname>Dag-Erling</firstname> </personname>

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Translation changed

FreeBSD Doc (Archived) / articles_pam — Portuguese (Brazil)

Making Login Services Independent of Authentication Technologies
<link xlink:href="http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/pam/pam.external.pdf">Tornando os sServiços de lLogin iIndependentes das tTecnologias de aAutenticação</link>
7 months ago
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Source string changed

FreeBSD Doc (Archived) / articles_pam — Portuguese (Brazil)

<link xlink:href="http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/pam/pam.external.pdf"> Making Login Services Independent of Authentication Technologies</link>
7 months ago
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Glossary

English Portuguese (Brazil)
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Source information

Source string comment
(itstool) path: biblioentry/citetitle
Source string location
article.translate.xml:1751
String age
7 months ago
Source string age
7 months ago
Translation file
articles/pt_BR/pam.po, string 235