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(itstool) path: sect2/para
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The resilience of a volume can be increased by mirroring. When laying out a mirrored volume, it is important to ensure that the subdisks of each plex are on different drives, so that a drive failure will not take down both plexes. The following configuration mirrors a volume:
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Context English Portuguese (Brazil) State
The configuration file describes individual <filename>vinum</filename> objects. The definition of a simple volume might be: O arquivo de configuração descreve objetos <filename>vinum</filename> individuais. A definição de um volume simples pode ser:
drive a device /dev/da3h
volume myvol
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive a 		drive a device /dev/da3h
volume myvol
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive a
This file describes four <filename>vinum</filename> objects: Este arquivo descreve quatro objetos <filename>vinum</filename>:
The <emphasis>drive</emphasis> line describes a disk partition (<emphasis>drive</emphasis>) and its location relative to the underlying hardware. It is given the symbolic name <emphasis>a</emphasis>. This separation of symbolic names from device names allows disks to be moved from one location to another without confusion. A linha <emphasis>drive</emphasis> descreve uma partição de disco (<emphasis>drive</emphasis>) e sua localização relativa ao hardware subjacente. É dado o nome simbólico <emphasis>a</emphasis>. Essa separação de nomes simbólicos de nomes de dispositivos permite que os discos sejam movidos de um local para outro sem confusão.
The <emphasis>volume</emphasis> line describes a volume. The only required attribute is the name, in this case <emphasis>myvol</emphasis>. A linha <emphasis>volume</emphasis> descreve um volume. O único atributo obrigatório é o nome, neste caso <emphasis>myvol</emphasis>.
The <emphasis>plex</emphasis> line defines a plex. The only required parameter is the organization, in this case <emphasis>concat</emphasis>. No name is necessary as the system automatically generates a name from the volume name by adding the suffix <emphasis>.p</emphasis><emphasis>x</emphasis>, where <emphasis>x</emphasis> is the number of the plex in the volume. Thus this plex will be called <emphasis>myvol.p0</emphasis>. A linha <emphasis>plex</emphasis> define um plex. O único parâmetro requerido é a organização, neste caso <emphasis>concat</emphasis>. Nenhum nome é necessário, pois o sistema gera automaticamente um nome a partir do nome do volume, adicionando o sufixo <emphasis>.p</emphasis><emphasis>x</emphasis>, onde <emphasis>x</emphasis> é o número de o plex no volume. Assim, este plex será chamado <emphasis>myvol.p0</emphasis>.
The <emphasis>sd</emphasis> line describes a subdisk. The minimum specifications are the name of a drive on which to store it, and the length of the subdisk. No name is necessary as the system automatically assigns names derived from the plex name by adding the suffix <emphasis>.s</emphasis><emphasis>x</emphasis>, where <emphasis>x</emphasis> is the number of the subdisk in the plex. Thus <filename>vinum</filename> gives this subdisk the name <emphasis>myvol.p0.s0</emphasis>. A linha <emphasis>sd</emphasis> descreve um subdisco. As especificações mínimas são o nome de uma unidade na qual irá armazená-lo e o tamanho do subdisco. Nenhum nome é necessário porque o sistema atribui automaticamente nomes derivados do nome do plex adicionando o sufixo <emphasis>.s</emphasis><emphasis>x</emphasis>, onde <emphasis>x</emphasis> é o número do subdisco no plex. Assim, <filename>vinum</filename> dá ao subdisco o nome <emphasis>myvol.p0.s0</emphasis>.
After processing this file, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gvinum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> produces the following output: Depois de processar este arquivo, o <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gvinum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> produz a seguinte saída:

<prompt>#</prompt> gvinum -&gt; <userinput>create config1</userinput>
Configuration summary
Drives: 1 (4 configured)
Volumes: 1 (4 configured)
Plexes: 1 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 1 (16 configured)

D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB

P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
<prompt>#</prompt> gvinum -&gt; <userinput>create config1</userinput>
Configuration summary
Drives: 1 (4 configured)
Volumes: 1 (4 configured)
Plexes: 1 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 1 (16 configured)

D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB

P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
This output shows the brief listing format of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gvinum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It is represented graphically in <xref linkend="vinum-simple-vol"/>. Esta saída mostra o formato de listagem breve de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gvinum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Ele está representado graficamente em <xref linkend="vinum-simple-vol"/>.
A Simple <filename>vinum</filename> Volume Um volume <filename>vinum</filename> simples
_ external ref='vinum-simple-vol' md5='__failed__' external ref='vinum-simple-vol' md5='__ failed__'
This figure, and the ones which follow, represent a volume, which contains the plexes, which in turn contains the subdisks. In this example, the volume contains one plex, and the plex contains one subdisk. Esta figura, e as que se seguem, representam um volume, que contém os plexes, que por sua vez contém os subdiscos. Neste exemplo, o volume contém um plex e o plex contém um subdisco.
This particular volume has no specific advantage over a conventional disk partition. It contains a single plex, so it is not redundant. The plex contains a single subdisk, so there is no difference in storage allocation from a conventional disk partition. The following sections illustrate various more interesting configuration methods. Este volume específico não tem nenhuma vantagem específica sobre uma partição de disco convencional. Ele contém um único plex, por isso não é redundante. O plex contém um único subdisco, portanto, não há diferença na alocação de armazenamento de uma partição de disco convencional. As seções a seguir ilustram vários métodos de configuração mais interessantes.
Increased Resilience: Mirroring Maior Resiliência: Espelhamento
The resilience of a volume can be increased by mirroring. When laying out a mirrored volume, it is important to ensure that the subdisks of each plex are on different drives, so that a drive failure will not take down both plexes. The following configuration mirrors a volume: A resiliência de um volume pode ser aumentada pelo espelhamento. Ao dispor um volume espelhado, é importante garantir que os subdiscos de cada plex estejam em unidades diferentes, de modo que uma falha no dispositivo não derrubará os dois plexes. A configuração a seguir espelha um volume:
drive b device /dev/da4h
volume mirror
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive a
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive b 		drive b device /dev/da4h
volume mirror
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive a
plex org concat
sd length 512m drive b
In this example, it was not necessary to specify a definition of drive <emphasis>a</emphasis> again, since <filename>vinum</filename> keeps track of all objects in its configuration database. After processing this definition, the configuration looks like: Neste exemplo, não foi necessário especificar uma definição de drive <emphasis>a</emphasis> novamente, já que o <filename>vinum</filename> registra todos os objetos em seu banco de dados de configuração. Depois de processar esta definição, a configuração se parece com:

Drives: 2 (4 configured)
Volumes: 2 (4 configured)
Plexes: 3 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 3 (16 configured)

D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 1549/2573 MB (60%)
D b State: up Device /dev/da4h Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
V mirror State: up Plexes: 2 Size: 512 MB

P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p1 C State: initializing Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0 State: empty PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
Drives: 2 (4 configured)
Volumes: 2 (4 configured)
Plexes: 3 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 3 (16 configured)

D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 1549/2573 MB (60%)
D b State: up Device /dev/da4h Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
V mirror State: up Plexes: 2 Size: 512 MB

P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p1 C State: initializing Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0 State: empty PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
<xref linkend="vinum-mirrored-vol"/> shows the structure graphically. <xref linkend="vinum-mirrored-vol"/> mostra a estrutura graficamente.
A Mirrored <filename>vinum</filename> Volume Um volume <filename>vinum</filename> espelhado
_ external ref='vinum-mirrored-vol' md5='__failed__' external ref='vinum-mirrored-vol' md5='__ failed__'
In this example, each plex contains the full 512 MB of address space. As in the previous example, each plex contains only a single subdisk. Neste exemplo, cada plex contém os 512 MB completos do espaço de endereço. Como no exemplo anterior, cada plex contém apenas um único subdisco.
Optimizing Performance Otimizando o desempenho
The mirrored volume in the previous example is more resistant to failure than an unmirrored volume, but its performance is less as each write to the volume requires a write to both drives, using up a greater proportion of the total disk bandwidth. Performance considerations demand a different approach: instead of mirroring, the data is striped across as many disk drives as possible. The following configuration shows a volume with a plex striped across four disk drives: O volume espelhado no exemplo anterior é mais resistente a falhas do que um volume não espelhado, mas seu desempenho é menor, pois cada gravação no volume requer uma gravação nas duas unidades, utilizando uma grande parte da largura de banda total do disco. As considerações de desempenho exigem uma abordagem diferente: em vez de espelhar, os dados são distribuídos em quantas unidades de disco forem possíveis. A configuração a seguir mostra um volume com um plex distribuído em quatro unidades de disco:
drive c device /dev/da5h
drive d device /dev/da6h
volume stripe
plex org striped 512k
sd length 128m drive a
sd length 128m drive b
sd length 128m drive c
sd length 128m drive d 		drive c device /dev/da5h
drive d device /dev/da6h
volume stripe
plex org striped 512k
sd length 128m drive a
sd length 128m drive b
sd length 128m drive c
sd length 128m drive d
As before, it is not necessary to define the drives which are already known to <filename>vinum</filename>. After processing this definition, the configuration looks like: Como antes, não é necessário definir as unidades que já são conhecidas por <filename>vinum</filename>. Depois de processar esta definição, a configuração se parece com:

Drives: 4 (4 configured)
Volumes: 3 (4 configured)
Plexes: 4 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 7 (16 configured)

D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 1421/2573 MB (55%)
D b State: up Device /dev/da4h Avail: 1933/2573 MB (75%)
D c State: up Device /dev/da5h Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)
D d State: up Device /dev/da6h Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)

V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
V mirror State: up Plexes: 2 Size: 512 MB
V striped State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB

P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p1 C State: initializing Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P striped.p1 State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0 State: empty PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S striped.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s1 State: up PO: 512 kB Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s2 State: up PO: 1024 kB Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s3 State: up PO: 1536 kB Size: 128 MB
Drives: 4 (4 configured)
Volumes: 3 (4 configured)
Plexes: 4 (8 configured)
Subdisks: 7 (16 configured)

D a State: up Device /dev/da3h Avail: 1421/2573 MB (55%)
D b State: up Device /dev/da4h Avail: 1933/2573 MB (75%)
D c State: up Device /dev/da5h Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)
D d State: up Device /dev/da6h Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)

V myvol State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB
V mirror State: up Plexes: 2 Size: 512 MB
V striped State: up Plexes: 1 Size: 512 MB

P myvol.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p0 C State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P mirror.p1 C State: initializing Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB
P striped.p1 State: up Subdisks: 1 Size: 512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0 State: empty PO: 0 B Size: 512 MB
S striped.p0.s0 State: up PO: 0 B Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s1 State: up PO: 512 kB Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s2 State: up PO: 1024 kB Size: 128 MB
S striped.p0.s3 State: up PO: 1536 kB Size: 128 MB
A Striped <filename>vinum</filename> Volume Um volume <filename>vinum</filename> concatenado
_ external ref='vinum-striped-vol' md5='__failed__' external ref='vinum-striped-vol' md5='__ failed__'
This volume is represented in <xref linkend="vinum-striped-vol"/>. The darkness of the stripes indicates the position within the plex address space, where the lightest stripes come first and the darkest last. Este volume é representado em <xref linkend="vinum-striped-vol"/>. A escuridão das strips indica a posição dentro do espaço de endereço plex, onde as faixas mais claras vêm primeiro e as mais escuras por último.

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FreeBSD Doc / articles_vinum — Portuguese (Brazil)

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Source string comment
(itstool) path: sect2/para
Source string location
article.translate.xml:559
String age
a year ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
articles/pt_BR/vinum.po, string 91