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(itstool) path: sect2/para
English
To enable routing now, set the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> variable <varname>net.inet.ip.forwarding</varname> to <literal>1</literal>. To stop routing, reset this variable to <literal>0</literal>.
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Context English Spanish State
W
The route was auto-configured based upon a local area network (clone) route.
L
Route involves references to Ethernet (link) hardware.
On a FreeBSD system, the default route can defined in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> by specifying the <acronym>IP</acronym> address of the default gateway:
defaultrouter="10.20.30.1"
It is also possible to manually add the route using <command>route</command>:
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>route add default 10.20.30.1</userinput>
Note that manually added routes will not survive a reboot. For more information on manual manipulation of network routing tables, refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>route</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
Configuring a Router with Static Routes
<personname> <firstname>Al</firstname> <surname>Hoang</surname> </personname> <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
<primary>dual homed hosts</primary>
A FreeBSD system can be configured as the default gateway, or router, for a network if it is a dual-homed system. A dual-homed system is a host which resides on at least two different networks. Typically, each network is connected to a separate network interface, though <acronym>IP</acronym> aliasing can be used to bind multiple addresses, each on a different subnet, to one physical interface.
In order for the system to forward packets between interfaces, FreeBSD must be configured as a router. Internet standards and good engineering practice prevent the FreeBSD Project from enabling this feature by default, but it can be configured to start at boot by adding this line to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:
gateway_enable="YES" # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway
To enable routing now, set the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> variable <varname>net.inet.ip.forwarding</varname> to <literal>1</literal>. To stop routing, reset this variable to <literal>0</literal>.
<primary>BGP</primary>
<primary>RIP</primary>
<primary>OSPF</primary>
The routing table of a router needs additional routes so it knows how to reach other networks. Routes can be either added manually using static routes or routes can be automatically learned using a routing protocol. Static routes are appropriate for small networks and this section describes how to add a static routing entry for a small network.
For large networks, static routes quickly become unscalable. FreeBSD comes with the standard <acronym>BSD</acronym> routing daemon <citerefentry><refentrytitle>routed</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which provides the routing protocols <acronym>RIP</acronym>, versions 1 and 2, and <acronym>IRDP</acronym>. Support for the <acronym>BGP</acronym> and <acronym>OSPF</acronym> routing protocols can be installed using the <package>net/zebra</package> package or port.
Consider the following network:
_ external ref='advanced-networking/static-routes' md5='__failed__'

INTERNET
| (10.0.0.1/24) Default Router to Internet
|
|Interface xl0
|10.0.0.10/24
+------+
| | RouterA
| | (FreeBSD gateway)
+------+
| Interface xl1
| 192.168.1.1/24
|
+--------------------------------+
Internal Net 1 | 192.168.1.2/24
|
+------+
| | RouterB
| |
+------+
| 192.168.2.1/24
|
Internal Net 2
In this scenario, <systemitem>RouterA</systemitem> is a FreeBSD machine that is acting as a router to the rest of the Internet. It has a default route set to <systemitem class="ipaddress">10.0.0.1</systemitem> which allows it to connect with the outside world. <systemitem>RouterB</systemitem> is already configured to use <systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.1.1</systemitem> as its default gateway.
Before adding any static routes, the routing table on <systemitem>RouterA</systemitem> looks like this:
<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>netstat -nr</userinput>
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
default 10.0.0.1 UGS 0 49378 xl0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 6 lo0
10.0.0.0/24 link#1 UC 0 0 xl0
192.168.1.0/24 link#2 UC 0 0 xl1
With the current routing table, <systemitem>RouterA</systemitem> does not have a route to the <systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.2.0/24</systemitem> network. The following command adds the <literal>Internal Net 2</literal> network to <systemitem>RouterA</systemitem>'s routing table using <systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.1.2</systemitem> as the next hop:
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2</userinput>
Now, <systemitem>RouterA</systemitem> can reach any host on the <systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.2.0/24</systemitem> network. However, the routing information will not persist if the FreeBSD system reboots. If a static route needs to be persistent, add it to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:
# Add Internal Net 2 as a persistent static route
static_routes="internalnet2"
route_internalnet2="-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2"

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FreeBSD Doc / books_handbook — Spanish

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Source string comment
(itstool) path: sect2/para
Source string location
book.translate.xml:64409
String age
a year ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
books/es_ES/handbook.po, string 10563