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(itstool) path: sect2/para
The size of the <filename>/var</filename> partition reflects the intended machine's usage. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and printer spools. Mailboxes and log files can grow to unexpected sizes depending on the number of users and how long log files are kept. On average, most users rarely need more than about a gigabyte of free disk space in <filename>/var</filename>.
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The next menu is used to determine the method for allocating disk space.
Partitioning Choices
_ external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-partmenu' md5='__failed__'
<application>bsdinstall</application> gives the user four methods for allocating disk space:
<literal>Auto (UFS)</literal> partitioning automatically sets up the disk partitions using the <literal>UFS</literal> file system.
<literal>Manual</literal> partitioning allows advanced users to create customized partitions from menu options.
<literal>Shell</literal> opens a shell prompt where advanced users can create customized partitions using command-line utilities like <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bsdlabel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
<literal>Auto (ZFS)</literal> partitioning creates a root-on-ZFS system with optional GELI encryption support for <firstterm>boot environments</firstterm>.
This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions. It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods.
Designing the Partition Layout
<primary>partition layout</primary>
<primary><filename>/etc</filename></primary>
<primary><filename>/var</filename></primary>
<primary><filename>/usr</filename></primary>
When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster from the outer tracks to the inner. Thus, smaller and heavier-accessed file systems should be closer to the outside of the drive, while larger partitions like <filename>/usr</filename> should be placed toward the inner parts of the disk. It is a good idea to create partitions in an order similar to: <filename>/</filename>, swap, <filename>/var</filename>, and <filename>/usr</filename>.
The size of the <filename>/var</filename> partition reflects the intended machine's usage. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and printer spools. Mailboxes and log files can grow to unexpected sizes depending on the number of users and how long log files are kept. On average, most users rarely need more than about a gigabyte of free disk space in <filename>/var</filename>.
Sometimes, a lot of disk space is required in <filename>/var/tmp</filename>. When new software is installed, the packaging tools extract a temporary copy of the packages under <filename>/var/tmp</filename>. Large software packages, like <application>Firefox</application> or <application>LibreOffice</application> may be tricky to install if there is not enough disk space under <filename>/var/tmp</filename>.
The <filename>/usr</filename> partition holds many of the files which support the system, including the FreeBSD Ports Collection and system source code. At least 2 gigabytes of space is recommended for this partition.
When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind. Running out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle.
<primary>swap sizing</primary>
<primary>swap partition</primary>
As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of physical memory (<acronym>RAM</acronym>). Systems with minimal <acronym>RAM</acronym> may perform better with more swap. Configuring too little swap can lead to inefficiencies in the <acronym>VM</acronym> page scanning code and might create issues later if more memory is added.
On larger systems with multiple <acronym>SCSI</acronym> disks or multiple <acronym>IDE</acronym> disks operating on different controllers, it is recommended that swap be configured on each drive, up to four drives. The swap partitions should be approximately the same size. The kernel can handle arbitrary sizes but internal data structures scale to 4 times the largest swap partition. Keeping the swap partitions near the same size will allow the kernel to optimally stripe swap space across disks. Large swap sizes are fine, even if swap is not used much. It might be easier to recover from a runaway program before being forced to reboot.
By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. Keeping the write loaded partitions closer to the disk's edge will increase <acronym>I/O</acronym> performance in the partitions where it occurs the most. While <acronym>I/O</acronym> performance in the larger partitions may be needed, shifting them more toward the edge of the disk will not lead to a significant performance improvement over moving <filename>/var</filename> to the edge.
Guided Partitioning Using UFS
When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk(s). If multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be installed.
Selecting from Multiple Disks
_ external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-disk' md5='__failed__'
Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the entire disk or to create a partition using free space. If <guibutton>[ Entire Disk ]</guibutton> is chosen, a general partition layout filling the whole disk is automatically created. Selecting <guibutton>[ Partition ]</guibutton> creates a partition layout from the unused space on the disk.
Selecting Entire Disk or Partition
_ external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-entire-part' md5='__failed__'

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Source information

Source string comment
(itstool) path: sect2/para
Source string location
book.translate.xml:3915
String age
6 months ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
books/nb_NO/handbook.po, string 523