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            "target": "中断处理函数必须只向设备应答中断，但不能向中断控制器应答，后者由系统负责处理。",
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        {
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.282133Z",
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            "target": "为了避免竞争，中断处理例程通写成循环形式：",
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.300351Z",
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            "target": "当收到来自特定设备的中断时就会调用中断处理函数。ISA总线不支持中断共享（某些特殊情况例外），因此实际上如果中断处理函数被调用，几乎可以确信中断是来自其设备。然而，中断处理函数必须轮询设备寄存器并确保中断是由它的设备产生的。如果不是，中断处理函数应当返回。",
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.361743Z",
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            "target": "当系统要关闭的时候调用此例程。通过它使硬件进入某种一致的状态。对于大多数ISA设备而言不需要特殊动作，因此这个函数并非真正必需，因为不管怎样重启动时设备会被重新初始化。但有些设备必须按特定步骤关闭，以确保在软重启后能被正确地检测到（对于很多使用私有识别协议的设备特别有用）。很多情况下，在设备寄存器中禁用DMA和中断，并停止将要进行的传输是个好主意。确切动作取决于硬件，因此我们无法在此详细讨论。",
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.377571Z",
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            "target": "xxx_isa_shutdown",
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            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.393273Z",
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            "id": 310868,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310868/?format=api"
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.395278Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "下一步，驱动程序可能希望复位硬件到某种一致的状态。包括停止任何将要进行的传输，禁用DMA通道和中断以避免设备破坏内存。对于大多数驱动程序而言，这正是关闭例程所做的，因此如果驱动程序中包括关闭例程，我们只要调用它就可以了。",
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            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.446690Z",
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            "id": 310870,
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.449251Z",
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            "target": "如果驱动程序成功分离，分离例程返回0，否则返回错误码。",
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            "id": 310872,
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        {
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            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.471734Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "如果驱动程序中存在这个函数，且驱动程序被编译为可加载模块，则驱动程序具有被卸载的能力。如果硬件支持热插拔，这是一个很重要的特性。但ISA总线不支持热插拔，因此这个特性对于ISA设备不是特别重要。卸载驱动程序的能力可能在调试时有用，但很多情况下只有在老版本的驱动程序莫名其妙地卡住系统的情况下才需要安装新版本的驱动程序，并且无论如何都需要重启，这样使得花费精力写分离例程有些不值得。另一个宣称卸载允许在用于生产的机器上升级驱动程序的论点看起来似乎更多的只是理论而已。升级驱动程序是一项危险的操作，决不不应当在用于生产的机器上实行（并且当系统运行于安全模式时这也是不被允许的）。然而，出于完整性考虑，还是会提供分离例程。",
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            "id": 310874,
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.489350Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "xxx_isa_detach",
            "id": 310875,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310875/?format=api"
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.501630Z",
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            "id": 310876,
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        {
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            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.503990Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "这就是连接例程的全部。",
            "id": 310877,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
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        },
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            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.551485Z",
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            "id": 310878,
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.554134Z",
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            "target": "最后，处理棘手情况。返回错误前，所有资源应当被取消分配。我们利用这样一个事实：结构softc传递给我们之前被零化，因此我们能找出是否分配了某些资源：如果分配则它们的描述符非零。",
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            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.574734Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "如果所有均工作正常则返回成功。",
            "id": 310881,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310881/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098025/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.589868Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310882,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310882/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098025/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.593098Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "连接例程的最后一步是将设备连接到内核中的功能子系统。完成这个步骤的精确方式依赖于驱动程序的类型：字符设备、块设备、网络设备、CAM SCSI总线设备等等。",
            "id": 310883,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310883/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098024/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.607474Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310884,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310884/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098024/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.610187Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "如果初始化例程遇到任何问题，建议返回错误之前打印有关信息。",
            "id": 310885,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310885/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098022/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.646922Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310886,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310886/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098022/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.651733Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "总线子系统将自动在控制台上打印由探测例程设置的设备描述。但如果驱动程序想打印一些关于设备的额外信息，也是可能的，例如：",
            "id": 310887,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310887/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098020/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.667985Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310888,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310888/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098020/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.670832Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "分配了所有的资源后，设备应当被初始化。初始化可能包括测试所有特性，确保它们起作用。",
            "id": 310889,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310889/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098015/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.689129Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310890,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310890/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098015/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.692857Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "如果驱动程序需要与内存进行DMA，则这块内存应当按前述方式分配：",
            "id": 310891,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310891/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098011/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.713295Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310892,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310892/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098011/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.715888Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "中断请求线(IRQ)有点特殊。除了分配以外，驱动程序的中断处理函数也应当与它关联。在古老的ISA驱动程序中，由系统传递给中断处理函数的参量是设备单元号。但在现代驱动程序中，按照约定，建议传递指向结构softc的指针。一个很重要的原因在于当结构softc被动态分配后，从softc取得单元号很容易，而从单元号取得softc很困难。同时，这个约定也使得用于不同总线的应用程序看起来统一，并允许它们共享代码：每个总线有其自己的探测，连接，分离和其他总线相关的例程，而它们之间可以共享大块的驱动程序代码。",
            "id": 310893,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310893/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098001/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.749241Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310894,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310894/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098001/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.751866Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "连接例程的启动跟探测例程相似，将一些常用数据取到一些更容易访问的变量中。",
            "id": 310895,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310895/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098000/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.773380Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310896,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310896/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1098000/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.776702Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "如果成功完成，连接例程返回0，否则返回错误码。",
            "id": 310897,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310897/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1097999/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.792396Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310898,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310898/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1097999/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.795362Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "如果探测例程返回成功并且系统选择连接那个驱动程序，则连接例程负责将驱动程序实际连接到系统。如果探测例程返回0 ，则连接例程期望接收完整的设备结构softc，此结构由探测例程设置。同时，如果探测例程返回0，它可能期望这个设备的连接例程应当在将来的某点被调用。如果探测例程返回负值，则驱动程序可能不会作此假设。",
            "id": 310899,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310899/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1097998/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.810347Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310900,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310900/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1097998/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.812647Z",
            "action": 6,
            "target": "xxx_isa_attach",
            "id": 310901,
            "action_name": "Automatic translation",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310901/?format=api"
        },
        {
            "unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1097991/?format=api",
            "component": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/components/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/?format=api",
            "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksarch-handbookisa_index/zh_CN/?format=api",
            "user": null,
            "author": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/users/anonymous/?format=api",
            "timestamp": "2021-06-02T04:16:24.848472Z",
            "action": 45,
            "target": "",
            "id": 310902,
            "action_name": "New contributor",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/changes/310902/?format=api"
        }
    ]
}