Units
Translation components API.
See the Weblate's Web API documentation for detailed description of the API.
GET /api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/units/?format=api
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There are enough resources about that (for a complete online course in assembly language, see Randall Hyde's http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/[Art of Assembly Language]; or if you prefer a printed book, take a look at Jeff Duntemann's Assembly Language Step-by-Step (ISBN: 0471375233). However, once the chapter is finished, any assembly language programmer will be able to write programs for FreeBSD quickly and efficiently." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "В этой главе не объясняются основы языка ассемблера. Существует достаточно ресурсов на эту тему (например, полный онлайн-курс по языку ассемблера можно найти в http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/[Искусстве языка ассемблера] Рэндалла Хайда; если вы предпочитаете печатные книги, обратите внимание на «Язык ассемблера шаг за шагом» Джеффа Дантемана (ISBN: 0471375233)). Однако после прочтения этой главы любой программист на языке ассемблера сможет писать программы для FreeBSD быстро и эффективно." ], "id_hash": 7004425182607171404, "content_hash": 7004425182607171404, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:72", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 9, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 70, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195060/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801750, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=e134b797b119df4c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801750/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.077351Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "Copyright (R) 2000-2001 G. 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Both man:llvm-as[1] (included in package:devel/llvm[]) and man:as[1] (included in package:devel/binutils[]) use the traditional UNIX(R) assembly language syntax." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Три очень разных ассемблера доступны для FreeBSD. И man:llvm-as[1] (включён в package:devel/llvm[]), и man:as[1] (включён в package:devel/binutils[]) используют традиционный синтаксис ассемблера UNIX(R)." ], "id_hash": -6876572303186246642, "content_hash": -6876572303186246642, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:85", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 14, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 25, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1603575/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801755, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=209181ec844b440e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801755/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.080160Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "On the other hand, man:nasm[1] (installed through package:devel/nasm[]) uses the Intel syntax. Its main advantage is that it can assemble code for many operating systems." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "С другой стороны, man:nasm[1] (устанавливаемый через package:devel/nasm[]) использует синтаксис Intel. Его основное преимущество в том, что он может ассемблировать код для многих операционных систем." ], "id_hash": -2207536218161345368, "content_hash": -2207536218161345368, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:88", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 15, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 25, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1603577/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801756, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=615d41816faf0ca8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801756/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.080762Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "This chapter uses nasm syntax because most assembly language programmers coming to FreeBSD from other operating systems will find it easier to understand. And, because, quite frankly, that is what I am used to." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "В этой главе используется синтаксис nasm, потому что большинство программистов на ассемблере, приходящих в FreeBSD из других операционных систем, найдут его более понятным. Кроме того, если честно, это то, к чему я привык." ], "id_hash": -9144123197148693460, "content_hash": -9144123197148693460, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:91", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 16, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 34, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195066/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801757, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=01198c665b8afc2c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801757/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.081338Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "The Linker" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Компоновщик" ], "id_hash": -4768831300229728450, "content_hash": -4768831300229728450, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:93", "context": "", "note": "type: Title ===", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 17, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078610/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801758, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=3dd1b532e40af73e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801758/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.081897Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "The output of the assembler, like that of any compiler, needs to be linked to form an executable file." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Результат работы ассемблера, как и любого компилятора, необходимо связать, чтобы получить исполняемый файл." ], "id_hash": -284565056093161989, "content_hash": -284565056093161989, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:96", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 18, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 19, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078612/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801759, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=7c0d0596d413f5fb", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801759/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.082421Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "The standard man:ld[1] linker comes with FreeBSD. It works with the code assembled with either assembler." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Стандартный компоновщик man:ld[1] поставляется с FreeBSD. Он работает с кодом, собранным любым из ассемблеров." ], "id_hash": -3867599226535546240, "content_hash": -3867599226535546240, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:99", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 19, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 16, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195068/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801760, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=4a5386feb0c5f280", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801760/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.083010Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "System Calls" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Системные вызовы" ], "id_hash": 2585615995203731015, "content_hash": 2585615995203731015, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:101", "context": "", "note": "type: Title ==", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 20, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078616/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801761, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=a3e1f40c67afbe47", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801761/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.083544Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "Default Calling Convention" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Стандартное соглашение о вызовах" ], "id_hash": -8795743314540725567, "content_hash": -8795743314540725567, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:104", "context": "", "note": "type: Title ===", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 21, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078618/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801762, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=05ef3e0ea9487ac1", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801762/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.084064Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "By default, the FreeBSD kernel uses the C calling convention. Further, although the kernel is accessed using `int 80h`, it is assumed the program will call a function that issues `int 80h`, rather than issuing `int 80h` directly." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "По умолчанию ядро FreeBSD использует соглашение о вызовах C. Кроме того, хотя доступ к ядру осуществляется с помощью `int 80h`, предполагается, что программа вызовет функцию, которая выполняет `int 80h`, а не будет выполнять `int 80h` напрямую." ], "id_hash": -835637568877488344, "content_hash": -835637568877488344, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:108", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 22, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 38, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195070/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801763, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=7467380efa161728", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801763/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.084587Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "This convention is very convenient, and quite superior to the Microsoft(R) convention used by MS-DOS(R). Why? Because the UNIX(R) convention allows any program written in any language to access the kernel." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Эта традиция очень удобна и значительно превосходит соглашение Microsoft(R), используемое в MS-DOS(R). Почему? Потому что соглашение UNIX(R) позволяет любой программе, написанной на любом языке, обращаться к ядру." ], "id_hash": -4931406029707794502, "content_hash": -4931406029707794502, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:111", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 23, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 31, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195072/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801764, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=3b902057fc0c27ba", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801764/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.085145Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "An assembly language program can do that as well. For example, we could open a file:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Программа на ассемблере также может это сделать. Например, мы могли бы открыть файл:" ], "id_hash": 1094040728983940118, "content_hash": 1094040728983940118, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:114", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 24, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 16, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195074/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801765, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=8f2ed03f1ce5ac16", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801765/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.085685Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "kernel:\n\tint\t80h\t; Call kernel\n\tret\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "kernel:\n\tint\t80h\t; Call kernel\n\tret\n" ], "id_hash": -8555147417523765085, "content_hash": -8555147417523765085, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:120", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 25, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 7, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078626/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801766, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=094602c0396540a3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801766/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.086215Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "open:\n\tpush\tdword mode\n\tpush\tdword flags\n\tpush\tdword path\n\tmov\teax, 5\n\tcall\tkernel\n\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n\tret\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "open:\n\tpush\tdword mode\n\tpush\tdword flags\n\tpush\tdword path\n\tmov\teax, 5\n\tcall\tkernel\n\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n\tret\n" ], "id_hash": 963620980046143679, "content_hash": 963620980046143679, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:129", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 26, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 20, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078628/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801767, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=8d5f782d05c3a0bf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801767/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.086773Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "This is a very clean and portable way of coding. If you need to port the code to a UNIX(R) system which uses a different interrupt, or a different way of passing parameters, all you need to change is the kernel procedure." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Это очень понятный и переносимый способ написания кода. Если вам нужно перенести код на UNIX(R)-систему, которая использует другое прерывание или другой способ передачи параметров, все, что вам нужно изменить, это процедуру kernel." ], "id_hash": -8718031009145926145, "content_hash": -8718031009145926145, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:133", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 27, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 42, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195076/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801768, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=070354fcbf044dff", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801768/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.087302Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "But assembly language programmers like to shave off cycles. The above example requires a `call/ret` combination. We can eliminate it by ``push``ing an extra dword:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Но программисты на ассемблере любят экономить такты. Приведённый выше пример требует комбинации `call/ret`. Мы можем исключить её, сделав ``push`` дополнительного двойного слова:" ], "id_hash": 655601542167117811, "content_hash": 655601542167117811, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:137", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 28, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 25, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195078/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801769, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=89192a210b11bff3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801769/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.087841Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "open:\n\tpush\tdword mode\n\tpush\tdword flags\n\tpush\tdword path\n\tmov\teax, 5\n\tpush\teax\t\t; Or any other dword\n\tint\t80h\n\tadd\tesp, byte 16\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "open:\n\tpush\tdword mode\n\tpush\tdword flags\n\tpush\tdword path\n\tmov\teax, 5\n\tpush\teax\t\t; Or any other dword\n\tint\t80h\n\tadd\tesp, byte 16\n" ], "id_hash": 5095936413588228802, "content_hash": 5095936413588228802, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:148", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 29, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 26, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078634/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801770, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=c6b8672b31e78ac2", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801770/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.088441Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "The `5` that we have placed in `EAX` identifies the kernel function, in this case `open`." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Помещённое в `EAX` значение `5` идентифицирует функцию ядра, в данном случае `open`." ], "id_hash": 613696087180575323, "content_hash": 613696087180575323, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:151", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 30, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 16, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078636/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801771, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=88844956fc72025b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801771/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.088980Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "Alternate Calling Convention" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Альтернативное соглашение о вызовах" ], "id_hash": -1686243485083479440, "content_hash": -1686243485083479440, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:153", "context": "", "note": "type: Title ===", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 31, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078638/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801772, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=6899427c02c85270", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801772/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.089503Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "FreeBSD is an extremely flexible system. It offers other ways of calling the kernel. For it to work, however, the system must have Linux emulation installed." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "FreeBSD — это чрезвычайно гибкая система. Она предлагает другие способы вызова ядра. Однако для работы необходимо, чтобы в системе была установлена эмуляция Linux." ], "id_hash": 1503052657472706622, "content_hash": 1503052657472706622, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:158", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 32, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 26, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195080/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801773, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=94dbea6daf5e183e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801773/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.090036Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "Linux is a UNIX(R) like system. However, its kernel uses the same system-call convention of passing parameters in registers MS-DOS(R) does. As with the UNIX(R) convention, the function number is placed in `EAX`. The parameters, however, are not passed on the stack but in `EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, EBP`:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Linux — это система, подобная UNIX(R). Однако её ядро использует то же соглашение о системных вызовов для передачи параметров в регистрах, что и MS-DOS(R). Как и в соглашении UNIX(R), номер функции помещается в `EAX`. Однако параметры передаются не в стеке, а в регистрах `EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, EBP`:" ], "id_hash": 3958118363990051629, "content_hash": 3958118363990051629, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:163", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 33, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 50, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195082/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801774, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=b6ee0fae5893cb2d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801774/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.090578Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "open:\n\tmov\teax, 5\n\tmov\tebx, path\n\tmov\tecx, flags\n\tmov\tedx, mode\n\tint\t80h\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "open:\n\tmov\teax, 5\n\tmov\tebx, path\n\tmov\tecx, flags\n\tmov\tedx, mode\n\tint\t80h\n" ], "id_hash": -7488087531542427824, "content_hash": -7488087531542427824, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:172", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 34, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 15, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078644/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801775, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=1814f8104b61c750", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801775/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.091152Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "This convention has a great disadvantage over the UNIX(R) way, at least as far as assembly language programming is concerned: Every time you make a kernel call you must `push` the registers, then `pop` them later. This makes your code bulkier and slower. Nevertheless, FreeBSD gives you a choice." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Этот подход имеет значительный недостаток по сравнению с UNIX(R), по крайней мере, в контексте программирования на ассемблере: каждый раз при вызове ядра необходимо сохранять регистры с помощью `push`, а затем восстанавливать их с помощью `pop`. Это делает ваш код более громоздким и медленным. Тем не менее, FreeBSD предоставляет вам выбор." ], "id_hash": 3005688592736265969, "content_hash": 3005688592736265969, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:178", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 35, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 49, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195084/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801776, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=a9b659d9ab7d26f1", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801776/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.091714Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "If you do choose the Linux convention, you must let the system know about it. After your program is assembled and linked, you need to brand the executable:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Если вы решите использовать соглашение Linux, вы должны сообщить об этом системе. После того как ваша программа будет ассемблирована и слинкована, вам нужно пометить исполняемый файл:" ], "id_hash": 6646906355421501784, "content_hash": 6646906355421501784, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:181", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 36, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 28, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195086/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801777, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=dc3e8e1d0a2f5958", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801777/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.092272Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "% brandelf -t Linux filename\n" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "% brandelf -t Linux filename\n" ], "id_hash": -7343916695668178012, "content_hash": -7343916695668178012, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:185", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block . 4", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 37, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 5, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078650/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801778, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=1a152aaccea343a4", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801778/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.092847Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "Which Convention Should You Use?" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Какое соглашение следует использовать?" ], "id_hash": -7468456288142267081, "content_hash": -7468456288142267081, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:188", "context": "", "note": "type: Title ===", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 38, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 5, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078652/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801779, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=185ab69354bf6d37", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801779/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.093388Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "If you are coding specifically for FreeBSD, you should always use the UNIX(R) convention: It is faster, you can store global variables in registers, you do not have to brand the executable, and you do not impose the installation of the Linux emulation package on the target system." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Если вы разрабатываете код специально для FreeBSD, всегда следует использовать соглашение UNIX(R): это быстрее, вы можете хранить глобальные переменные в регистрах, вам не нужно маркировать исполняемый файл, и вы не требуете установки пакета эмуляции Linux на целевой системе." ], "id_hash": 2421933943570561260, "content_hash": 2421933943570561260, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:193", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 39, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 48, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078654/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801780, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=a19c7016f7fbf8ec", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801780/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.093904Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "If you want to create portable code that can also run on Linux, you will probably still want to give the FreeBSD users as efficient a code as possible. I will show you how you can accomplish that after I have explained the basics." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Хотя вы можете хотеть создать переносимый код, который также работает на Linux, вам, вероятно, по-прежнему будет нужен максимально эффективный код для пользователей FreeBSD. Я покажу вам, как этого добиться, после того как объясню основы." ], "id_hash": 5679124329360501397, "content_hash": 5679124329360501397, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:196", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 40, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 44, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195088/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801781, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=ced04d7cfecfaa95", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801781/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.094452Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "Call Numbers" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Номера вызовов" ], "id_hash": -3354403240366303537, "content_hash": -3354403240366303537, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:198", "context": "", "note": "type: Title ===", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 41, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078658/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801782, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=5172c406788c16cf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801782/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.095014Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "To tell the kernel which system service you are calling, place its number in `EAX`. Of course, you need to know what the number is." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Чтобы сообщить ядру, какую системную службу вы вызываете, поместите её номер в `EAX`. Разумеется, вам необходимо знать, что это за номер." ], "id_hash": -8620232079573326359, "content_hash": -8620232079573326359, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:202", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 42, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 25, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195090/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801783, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=085ec898779ae5e9", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801783/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.095523Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "The [.filename]#syscalls# File" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Файл [.filename]#syscalls#" ], "id_hash": 8035381172647707252, "content_hash": 8035381172647707252, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:204", "context": "", "note": "type: Title ====", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 43, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078662/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801784, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=ef83689a6e874274", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801784/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.096054Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "The numbers are listed in [.filename]#syscalls#. `locate syscalls` finds this file in several different formats, all produced automatically from [.filename]#syscalls.master#." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Номера перечислены в [.filename]#syscalls#. Команда `locate syscalls` находит этот файл в нескольких различных форматах, все они создаются автоматически из [.filename]#syscalls.master#." ], "id_hash": -2688143830512522158, "content_hash": -2688143830512522158, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:208", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 44, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 20, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195092/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801785, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=5ab1cb6db524ac52", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801785/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.096590Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "You can find the master file for the default UNIX(R) calling convention in [.filename]#/usr/src/sys/kern/syscalls.master#. If you need to use the other convention implemented in the Linux emulation mode, read [.filename]#/usr/src/sys/i386/linux/syscalls.master#." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Основной файл для стандартного соглашения о вызовах UNIX(R) можно найти в [.filename]#/usr/src/sys/kern/syscalls.master#. Если вам необходимо использовать другое соглашение, реализованное в режиме эмуляции Linux, обратитесь к [.filename]#/usr/src/sys/i386/linux/syscalls.master#." ], "id_hash": -1614184985582222848, "content_hash": -1614184985582222848, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:211", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 45, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 30, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195094/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801786, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=6999434ed49a4200", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801786/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.097125Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "Not only do FreeBSD and Linux use different calling conventions, they sometimes use different numbers for the same functions." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Не только FreeBSD и Linux используют разные соглашения о вызовах, но иногда они используют разные номера для одних и тех же функций." ], "id_hash": -1703089971930506029, "content_hash": -1703089971930506029, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:215", "context": "", "note": "type: delimited block = 4", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 46, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 19, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078668/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801787, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=685d68b1a28d5cd3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801787/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.097691Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "[.filename]#syscalls.master# describes how the call is to be made:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "[.filename]#syscalls.master# описывает, как должен быть выполнен вызов:" ], "id_hash": 6028831124325755751, "content_hash": 6028831124325755751, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:218", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 47, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 9, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1078670/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801788, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=d3aab5f728416b67", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801788/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.098239Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?format=api", "source": [ "0\tSTD\tNOHIDE\t{ int nosys(void); 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They are ``push``ed _from right to left_." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Самый правый столбец указывает, какие параметры нужно `втолкнуть` в стек командой push. Они `вталкиваются` _справа налево_." ], "id_hash": 4725025968577396714, "content_hash": 4725025968577396714, "location": "documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:235", "context": "", "note": "type: Plain text", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 50, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 16, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1195096/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 1801791, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/?checksum=c192aa158b8d3fea", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/1801791/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2025-05-25T08:14:31.099870Z" } ] }