Translation components API.

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GET /api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_bsdl-gpl/pt_BR/units/?format=api&page=2
HTTP 200 OK
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                "The GPL can present a real problem for those wishing to commercialize and profit from software. For example, the GPL adds to the difficulty a graduate student will have in directly forming a company to commercialize his research results, or the difficulty a student will have in joining a company on the assumption that a promising research project will be commercialized."
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                "A GPL pode representar um problema real para aqueles que desejam comercializar e lucrar com software. Por exemplo, a GPL aumenta a dificuldade que um estudante de pós-graduação terá em formar diretamente uma empresa para comercializar seus resultados de pesquisa, ou a dificuldade que um aluno terá em ingressar em uma empresa com a suposição de que um promissor projeto de pesquisa será comercializado."
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                "For those who must work with statically-linked implementations of multiple software standards, the GPL is often a poor license, because it precludes using proprietary implementations of the standards. The GPL thus minimizes the number of programs that can be built using a GPLed standard. The GPL was intended to not provide a mechanism to develop a standard on which one engineers proprietary products. (This does not apply to Linux applications because they do not statically link, rather they use a trap-based API.)"
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                "Para aqueles que precisam trabalhar com implementações linkadas estaticamente em vários modelos de software, a GPL é geralmente uma licença ruim, porque impede o uso de implementações proprietárias dos modelos. A GPL minimiza, assim, o número de programas que podem ser compilados usando o modelo GPL. A GPL tinha como objetivo não fornecer um mecanismo para desenvolver um padrão na engenharia de produtos proprietários. (Isso não se aplica a aplicativos Linux porque eles não usam links estáticos, em vez disso, usam uma trap-based API.)"
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                "The GPL attempts to make programmers contribute to an evolving suite of programs, then to compete in the distribution and support of this suite. This situation is unrealistic for many required core system standards, which may be applied in widely varying environments which require commercial customization or integration with legacy standards under existing (non-GPL) licenses. Real-time systems are often statically linked, so the GPL and LGPL are definitely considered potential problems by many embedded systems companies."
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                "A GPL tenta fazer com que os programadores contribuam para um conjunto de programas em desenvolvimento, para então competir na distribuição e suporte deste conjunto. Essa situação não é realista para muitos dos padrões de sistema exigidos, que podem ser aplicados em ambientes amplamente diferentes, e que exigem personalização comercial ou integração com padrões legados sob licenças existentes (não-GPL). Os sistemas real-time usam frequentemente links estáticos, de modo que a GPL e a LGPL são definitivamente consideradas problemas potenciais por muitas empresas de sistemas embarcados."
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            "source": [
                "The GPL is an attempt to keep efforts, regardless of demand, at the research and development stages. This maximizes the benefits to researchers and developers, at an unknown cost to those who would benefit from wider distribution."
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                "A GPL é uma tentativa de manter os trabalhos disponíveis, independentemente da demanda nos estágios de pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Isso maximiza os benefícios para pesquisadores e desenvolvedores, a um custo desconhecido para aqueles que se beneficiariam de uma distribuição mais ampla."
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                "The GPL was designed to keep research results from transitioning to proprietary products. This step is often assumed to be the last step in the traditional technology transfer pipeline and it is usually difficult enough under the best of circumstances; the GPL was intended to make it impossible."
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                "A GPL foi projetada para impedir que os resultados de uma pesquisa sejam transferidos para produtos proprietários. Este passo é frequentemente considerado o último passo no pipeline tradicional de transferência de tecnologia e é geralmente o mais difícil mesmo sob as melhores circunstâncias; a GPL pretendia tornar isso impossível."
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            "source": [
                "BSD Advantages"
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                "Vantagens da licença BSD"
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                "A BSD style license is a good choice for long duration research or other projects that need a development environment that:"
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                "Uma licença de estilo BSD é uma boa opção para pesquisas de longa duração ou outros projetos que precisam de um ambiente de desenvolvimento que:"
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                "has near zero cost"
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                "will evolve over a long period of time"
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                "permits anyone to retain the option of commercializing final results with minimal legal issues."
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                "permite que qualquer pessoa mantenha a opção de comercializar os resultados finais com problemas legais mínimos."
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                "This final consideration may often be the dominant one, as it was when the Apache project decided upon its license:"
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                "Esta consideração final pode muitas vezes ser a dominante, como foi quando o projeto Apache decidiu sua licença:"
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                "<quote>This type of license is ideal for promoting the use of a reference body of code that implements a protocol for common service. This is another reason why we choose it for the Apache group - many of us wanted to see HTTP survive and become a true multiparty standard, and would not have minded in the slightest if Microsoft or Netscape choose to incorporate our HTTP engine or any other component of our code into their products, if it helped further the goal of keeping HTTP common... All this means that, strategically speaking, the project needs to maintain sufficient momentum, and that participants realize greater value by contributing their code to the project, even code that would have had value if kept proprietary.</quote>"
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                "<quote>Este tipo de licença é ideal para promover o uso de um corpo de referência de código que implementa um protocolo para um serviço comum. Esta é outra razão pela qual a escolhemos para o grupo Apache - muitos de nós queriam que o HTTP sobrevivesse e se tornasse um verdadeiro padrão multipartidário, e não nos importaríamos nem um pouco se a Microsoft ou a Netscape escolhessem incorporar nosso mecanismo HTTP ou qualquer outro componente de nosso código em seus produtos, se isso ajudasse a manter o objetivo comum de manter o HTTP universal... Tudo isso significa que, estrategicamente falando, o projeto precisa manter ímpeto suficiente e que os participantes percebam um maior valor contribuindo com seu código para o projeto, mesmo código que teria valor se fosse mantido proprietário.</quote>"
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                "Developers tend to find the BSD license attractive as it keeps legal issues out of the way and lets them do whatever they want with the code. In contrast, those who expect primarily to use a system rather than program it, or expect others to evolve the code, or who do not expect to make a living from their work associated with the system (such as government employees), find the GPL attractive, because it forces code developed by others to be given to them and keeps their employer from retaining copyright and thus potentially \"burying\" or orphaning the software. If you want to force your competitors to help you, the GPL is attractive."
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                "Os desenvolvedores tendem a achar a licença BSD atrativa, pois ela mantém os problemas legais fora do caminho e permite que eles façam o que quiserem com o código. Em contraste, aqueles que esperam principalmente usar um sistema em vez de programá-lo, ou que esperam que outros evoluam o código, ou aqueles que não esperam ganhar a vida com seu trabalho associado ao sistema (como funcionários do governo), achem a GPL atraente, porque força o código desenvolvido por outros a ser dado a eles de volta e impede que os seus empregadores retenham os direitos autorais e, portanto, potencialmente \"enterra\" o problema de software órfão. Se você quiser forçar seus concorrentes a ajudá-lo, a GPL é atraente."
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                "A BSD license is not simply a gift. The question <quote>why should we help our competitors or let them steal our work?</quote> comes up often in relation to a BSD license. Under a BSD license, if one company came to dominate a product niche that others considered strategic, the other companies can, with minimal effort, form a mini-consortium aimed at reestablishing parity by contributing to a competitive BSD variant that increases market competition and fairness. This permits each company to believe that it will be able to profit from some advantage it can provide, while also contributing to economic flexibility and efficiency. The more rapidly and easily the cooperating members can do this, the more successful they will be. A BSD license is essentially a minimally complicated license that enables such behavior."
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                "Uma licença BSD não é simplesmente um presente. A pergunta <quote>por que devemos ajudar nossos concorrentes ou deixá-los roubar nosso trabalho?</quote> surge frequentemente em relação a uma licença BSD. Sob uma licença BSD, se uma empresa vier a dominar um nicho de produto que outros consideram estratégico, as outras empresas podem, com esforço mínimo, formar um mini consórcio visando restabelecer a paridade, contribuindo para uma variante BSD competitiva que aumente a competição e a justiça no mercado. Isso permite que cada empresa acredite que será capaz de lucrar com alguma vantagem que ela possa proporcionar, ao mesmo tempo em que contribui para a flexibilidade e eficiência econômica. Quanto mais rápido e fácil os membros cooperantes puderem fazer isso, maior sucesso eles terão. Uma licença BSD é essencialmente uma licença minimamente complicada que permite tal comportamento."
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            "source": [
                "A key effect of the GPL, making a complete and competitive Open Source system widely available at cost of media, is a reasonable goal. A BSD style license, in conjunction with ad-hoc-consortiums of individuals, can achieve this goal without destroying the economic assumptions built around the deployment-end of the technology transfer pipeline."
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                "Um efeito chave da GPL é fazer com que um sistema Open Source completo e competitivo seja amplamente disponibilizado ao custo de mídia, e isso é uma meta razoável. Uma licença no estilo BSD, em conjunto com consórcios ad-hoc de indivíduos, pode atingir essa meta sem destruir as premissas econômicas construídas em torno da implementação final do pipeline de transferência de tecnologia."
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            "source": [
                "Specific Recommendations for using a BSD license"
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            "target": [
                "Recomendações Específicas para usar uma licença BSD"
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            "source": [
                "The BSD license is preferable for transferring research results in a way that will widely be deployed and most benefit an economy. As such, research funding agencies, such as the NSF, ONR and DARPA, should encourage in the earliest phases of funded research projects, the adoption of BSD style licenses for software, data, results, and open hardware. They should also encourage formation of standards based around implemented Open Source systems and ongoing Open Source projects."
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                "A licença BSD é preferível para a transferência de resultados de pesquisa de uma maneira que seja largamente implantada e que mais beneficie uma economia. Como tal, as agências de financiamento de pesquisa, como a NSF, ONR e DARPA, devem encorajar nas fases iniciais dos projetos de pesquisa financiados, a adoção de licenças de estilo BSD para software, dados, resultados e hardware aberto. Eles também devem incentivar a formação de padrões baseados em sistemas Open Source implementados e projetos Open Source em andamento."
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            "source": [
                "Government policy should minimize the costs and difficulties in moving from research to deployment. When possible, grants should require results to be available under a commercialization friendly BSD style license."
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                "A política do governo deve minimizar os custos e as dificuldades de passar da pesquisa para a implantação. Quando possível, os subsídios devem exigir que os resultados estejam disponíveis sob uma licença de estilo BSD amigável à comercialização."
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            "priority": 100,
            "id": 13631,
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            "source": [
                "Companies have long recognized that the creation of de facto standards is a key marketing technique. The BSD license serves this role well, if a company really has a unique advantage in evolving the system. The license is legally attractive to the widest audience while the company's expertise ensures their control. There are times when the GPL may be the appropriate vehicle for an attempt to create such a standard, especially when attempting to undermine or co-opt others. The GPL, however, penalizes the evolution of that standard, because it promotes a suite rather than a commercially applicable standard. Use of such a suite constantly raises commercialization and legal issues. It may not be possible to mix standards when some are under the GPL and others are not. A true technical standard should not mandate exclusion of other standards for non-technical reasons."
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                "As empresas há muito reconheceram que a criação de padrões de facto é uma técnica de marketing fundamental. A licença BSD serve bem a essa função se uma empresa tiver realmente uma vantagem exclusiva na evolução do sistema. A licença é legalmente atraente para o público mais amplo, enquanto a expertise da empresa garante o seu controle. Há momentos em que a GPL pode ser o veículo apropriado para uma tentativa de criar tal padrão, especialmente quando se tenta prejudicar ou cooptar outras pessoas. A GPL, no entanto, penaliza a evolução desse padrão, porque promove um conjunto em vez de um padrão comercialmente aplicável. O uso de tal conjunto constantemente sofre um aumento de problemas legais e comerciais. E pode não ser possível misturar padrões quando alguns estão sob a GPL e outros não. Um verdadeiro padrão técnico não deve obrigar a exclusão de outros padrões por razões não técnicas."
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            "priority": 100,
            "id": 13633,
            "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_bsdl-gpl/pt_BR/?checksum=a62166ecad2b275e",
            "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/13633/?format=api",
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            "source": [
                "Large companies, in which Open Source code is developed, should be aware that programmers appreciate Open Source because it leaves the software available to the employee when they change employers. Some companies encourage this behavior as an employment perk, especially when the software involved is not directly strategic. It is, in effect, a front-loaded retirement benefit with potential lost opportunity costs but no direct costs. Encouraging employees to work for peer acclaim outside the company is a cheap portable benefit a company can sometimes provide with near zero downside."
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                "Grandes empresas, nas quais código Open Source é desenvolvido, devem estar cientes de que os programadores apreciam o Open Source porque ele deixa o software disponível para o funcionário quando ele mudar de empregador. Algumas empresas encorajam esse comportamento como uma vantagem de emprego, especialmente quando o software em questão não é diretamente estratégico. Trata-se, na verdade, de um benefício antecipado com possíveis custos de oportunidade perdidas, mas sem custos diretos. Incentivar os funcionários a trabalhar pela aclamação dos colegas fora da empresa é um benefício barato que uma uma empresa pode, por vezes, fornecer com desvantagem quase zero."
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            "priority": 100,
            "id": 13635,
            "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_bsdl-gpl/pt_BR/?checksum=e22de432c5d2190a",
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            "source": [
                "Small companies with software projects vulnerable to orphaning should attempt to use the BSD license when possible. Companies of all sizes should consider forming such Open Source projects when it is to their mutual advantage to maintain the minimal legal and organization overheads associated with a true BSD-style Open Source project."
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                "Pequenas empresas com projetos de software vulneráveis ao software órfão, devem tentar usar a licença BSD sempre que possível. Empresas de todos os portes devem considerar a formação de tais projetos Open Source quando for vantajoso manter mínimas as despesas legais e organizacionais associadas a um verdadeiro projeto Open Source de estilo BSD."
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            "num_words": 51,
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            "priority": 100,
            "id": 13636,
            "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_bsdl-gpl/pt_BR/?checksum=8c9c01f934ee1a7f",
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            "source": [
                "Non-profits should participate in Open Source projects when possible. To minimize software engineering problems, such as mixing code under different licenses, BSD-style licenses should be encouraged. Being leery of the GPL should particularly be the case with non-profits that interact with the developing world. In some locales where application of law becomes a costly exercise, the simplicity of the new BSD license, as compared to the GPL, may be of considerable advantage."
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                "As organizações sem fins lucrativos devem participar de projetos Open Source sempre que possível. Para minimizar os problemas de engenharia de software, como a mistura de código sob diferentes licenças, as licenças no estilo BSD devem ser incentivadas. Desconfiar da GPL deve ser particularmente o caso de organizações sem fins lucrativos que interagem com o mundo de desenvolvimento. Em alguns locais onde a aplicação da lei se torna um exercício caro, a simplicidade da nova licença BSD, em comparação com a GPL, pode ser de considerável vantagem."
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            "source": [
                "Conclusion"
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            "priority": 100,
            "id": 13638,
            "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_bsdl-gpl/pt_BR/?checksum=79e88528c6919f10",
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            "source": [
                "In contrast to the GPL, which is designed to prevent the proprietary commercialization of Open Source code, the BSD license places minimal restrictions on future behavior. This allows BSD code to remain Open Source or become integrated into commercial solutions, as a project's or company's needs change. In other words, the BSD license does not become a legal time-bomb at any point in the development process."
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                "Em contraste com a GPL, que é projetada para impedir a comercialização proprietária do código Open Source, a licença BSD impõe restrições mínimas sobre o comportamento futuro. Isso permite que o código BSD permaneça como código aberto ou se integre a soluções comerciais, à medida que as necessidades de um projeto ou empresa mudam. Em outras palavras, a licença BSD não se torna uma bomba-relógio legal em nenhum ponto do processo de desenvolvimento."
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                "In addition, since the BSD license does not come with the legal complexity of the GPL or LGPL licenses, it allows developers and companies to spend their time creating and promoting good code rather than worrying if that code violates licensing."
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                "Além disso, como a licença BSD não vem com a complexidade legal das licenças GPL ou LGPL, ela permite que desenvolvedores e empresas gastem seu tempo criando e promovendo um bom código, em vez de se preocupar se esse código viola algum licenciamento."
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            "priority": 100,
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            "source": [
                "\n[1] http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\n\n[2] http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/03/28/cyberpatrol.mirrors/\n\n[3] Open Source: the Unauthorized White Papers, Donald K. Rosenberg, IDG Books,\n    2000. Quotes are from page 114, ``Effects of the GNU GPL''.\n\n[4] In the \"What License to Use?\" section of\n    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/brian.html\n\nThis whitepaper is a condensation of an original work available at\nhttp://alumni.cse.ucsc.edu/~brucem/open_source_license.htm\n\n"
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                "\n[1] http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\n\n[2] http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/03/28/cyberpatrol.mirrors/\n\n[3] Open Source: the Unauthorized White Papers, Donald K. Rosenberg, IDG Books,\n    2000. Quotes are from page 114, ``Effects of the GNU GPL''.\n\n[4] In the \"What License to Use?\" section of\n    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/brian.html\n\nThis whitepaper is a condensation of an original work available at\nhttp://alumni.cse.ucsc.edu/~brucem/open_source_license.htm\n\n"
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                "In the mid-1980s a government anti-trust case against AT&amp;T ended with the break-up of AT&amp;T. AT&amp;T still owned Unix and was now able to sell it. AT&amp;T embarked on an aggressive licensing effort and most commercial Unixes of the day became AT&amp;T-derived."
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                "Em meados da década de 80, um processo anti-trust governamental contra a AT&amp;T resultou no seu desmembramento. A AT&amp;T ainda possuía o Unix e a partir daquele momento podia vendê-lo. Então a AT&amp;T embarcou em um esforço agressivo de licenciamento e a maioria dos Unixes comerciais da época tornaram-se derivações do Unix AT&amp;T."
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                "In the early 1990's AT&amp;T sued UCB over license violations related to BSD. UCB discovered that AT&amp;T had incorporated, without acknowledgment or payment, many improvements due to BSD into AT&amp;T's products, and a lengthy court case, primarily between AT&amp;T and UCB, ensued. During this period some UCB programmers embarked on a project to rewrite any AT&amp;T code associated with BSD. This project resulted in a system called BSD 4.4-lite (lite because it was not a complete system; it lacked 6 key AT&amp;T files)."
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                "No início dos anos 90, a AT&amp;T processou a UCB por violações de licenças relacionadas ao BSD. A UCB descobriu que a AT&amp;T havia incorporado, sem reconhecimento ou pagamento, muitas melhorias nos produtos da AT&amp;T originadas no BSD, e isso resultou em um longo processo judicial entre a AT&amp;T e a UCB. Durante esse período, alguns programadores da UCB embarcaram em um projeto para reescrever todos os códigos AT&amp;T que estavam associados ao BSD. Este projeto resultou em um sistema chamado BSD 4.4-lite (lite porque não era um sistema completo; faltavam 6 arquivos-chave AT&amp;T)."
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                "In the mid 1990s, Novell purchased AT&amp;T's Unix rights and a (then secret) agreement was reached to terminate the lawsuit. UCB soon terminated its support for BSD."
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                "Remember that the GPL requires anything that statically links to any code under the GPL also be placed under the GPL. The source for this code must thus be made available to the user of the program. Dynamic linking, however, is not considered a violation of the GPL. Pressure to put proprietary applications on Linux became overwhelming. Such applications often must link with system libraries. This resulted in a modified version of the GPL called the <link xlink:href=\"http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license.php\">LGPL</link> (\"Library\", since renamed to \"Lesser\", GPL). The LGPL allows proprietary code to be linked to the GNU C library, glibc. You do not have to release the source code which has been dynamically linked to an LGPLed library."
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                "In many cases, the long-term results of a BSD style license more accurately reflect the goals proclaimed in the research charter of universities than what occurs when results are copyrighted or patented and subject to proprietary university licensing. Anecdotal evidence exists that universities are financially better rewarded in the long run by releasing research results and then appealing to donations from commercially successful alumni."
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                "Em muitos casos, os resultados de longo prazo de uma licença de estilo BSD refletem com mais precisão os objetivos proclamados na carta de pesquisa das universidades do que no que ocorre quando os resultados são protegidos por direitos autorais ou patenteados e sujeitos ao licenciamento universitário proprietário. Existem evidências casuais de que as universidades são financeiramente mais bem recompensadas a longo prazo, divulgando resultados de pesquisa e apelando para doações de ex-alunos de sucesso comercial."
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                "Companies interested in promoting an evolving standard, which can become the core of other companies' commercial products, should be wary of the GPL. Regardless of the license used, the resulting software will usually devolve to whoever actually makes the majority of the engineering changes and most understands the state of the system. The GPL simply adds more legal friction to the result."
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                "Bibliographical References"
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