Units
Translation components API.
See the Weblate's Web API documentation for detailed description of the API.
GET /api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/units/?format=api&page=8
{ "count": 384, "next": null, "previous": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/units/?format=api&page=7", "results": [ { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Future work should focus on fixing the remaining issues with futexes, implement the rest of the *at family of syscalls, fix the signal delivery and possibly implement the <function>epoll</function> and <function>inotify</function> facilities." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Future work should focus on fixing the remaining issues with futexes, implement the rest of the *at family of syscalls, fix the signal delivery and possibly implement the <function>epoll</function> and <function>inotify</function> facilities." ], "id_hash": 8309925337762481123, "content_hash": 8309925337762481123, "location": "article.translate.xml:2476", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 365, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 32, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99760/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 99760, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=f352c9111b59c3e3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99760/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.166967Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The other possible goal is to share our code with NetBSD and DragonflyBSD. NetBSD has some support for 2.6 emulation but its far from finished and not really tested. DragonflyBSD has expressed some interest in porting the 2.6 improvements." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The other possible goal is to share our code with NetBSD and DragonflyBSD. NetBSD has some support for 2.6 emulation but its far from finished and not really tested. 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"Team" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Team" ], "id_hash": 6029147700739703130, "content_hash": 6029147700739703130, "location": "article.translate.xml:2504", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 369, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99764/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 99764, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=d3abd5e3d8f4015a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99764/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.206563Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "I cooperated on this project with (in alphabetical order):" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "I cooperated on this project with (in alphabetical order):" ], "id_hash": -3419698842384574517, "content_hash": -3419698842384574517, "location": "article.translate.xml:2506", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 370, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 9, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99765/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 99765, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=508aca056cda57cb", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99765/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.218626Z" }, { "translation": 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"explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.260786Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Scot Hetzel" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Scot Hetzel" ], "id_hash": -5697318032288310568, "content_hash": -5697318032288310568, "location": "article.translate.xml:2520", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 374, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99769/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 99769, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=30ef0f6f71071ad8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99769/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.268432Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Suleiman Souhlal <email>ssouhlal@FreeBSD.org</email>" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Suleiman Souhlal <email>ssouhlal@FreeBSD.org</email>" ], "id_hash": -6700935541971760227, "content_hash": -6700935541971760227, "location": "article.translate.xml:2529", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 377, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99770/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 99770, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=23017ea0adfbcb9d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99770/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.310783Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Li Xiao" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Li Xiao" ], "id_hash": 1472523759977861085, "content_hash": 1472523759977861085, "location": "article.translate.xml:2532", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 378, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99771/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 99771, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=946f748ed4cd8fdd", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99771/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.317141Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "David Xu <email>davidxu@FreeBSD.org</email>" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "David Xu <email>davidxu@FreeBSD.org</email>" ], "id_hash": -811384674237455933, "content_hash": -811384674237455933, "location": "article.translate.xml:2535", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 379, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99772/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 99772, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=74bd61f00be161c3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99772/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:42.324689Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "I would like to thank all those people for their advice, code reviews and general support." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "I would like to thank all those people for their advice, code reviews and general support." ], "id_hash": 6105629533442303045, "content_hash": 6105629533442303045, "location": "article.translate.xml:2539", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 380, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": 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The most common implementation is either by using an interrupt or specialized instruction (think of <literal>SYSENTER</literal>/<literal>SYSCALL</literal> instructions for ia32). Syscalls are defined by a number. For example in FreeBSD, the syscall number 85 is the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> syscall and the syscall number 132 is <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Some syscalls need parameters, which are passed from the user-space to the kernel-space in various ways (implementation dependant). Syscalls are synchronous." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Common <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> API defines a syscall as a way to issue commands from a user space process to the kernel. The most common implementation is either by using an interrupt or specialized instruction (think of <literal>SYSENTER</literal>/<literal>SYSCALL</literal> instructions for ia32). Syscalls are defined by a number. For example in FreeBSD, the syscall number 85 is the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> syscall and the syscall number 132 is <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkfifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Some syscalls need parameters, which are passed from the user-space to the kernel-space in various ways (implementation dependant). Syscalls are synchronous." ], "id_hash": 7585162182570993511, "content_hash": 7585162182570993511, "location": "article.translate.xml:159", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 27, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 86, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157257/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157257, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=e943e8d12fdee767", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157257/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.248074Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "FreeBSD is a modern <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-based operating system with all the features of <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>. Preemptive multitasking, multiuser facilities, TCP/IP networking, memory protection, symmetric multiprocessing support, virtual memory with merged VM and buffer cache, they are all there. One of the interesting and extremely useful features is the ability to emulate other <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like operating systems. As of December 2006 and 7-CURRENT development, the following emulation functionalities are supported:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "FreeBSD is a modern <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-based operating system with all the features of <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>. Preemptive multitasking, multiuser facilities, TCP/IP networking, memory protection, symmetric multiprocessing support, virtual memory with merged VM and buffer cache, they are all there. One of the interesting and extremely useful features is the ability to emulate other <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark>-like operating systems. As of December 2006 and 7-CURRENT development, the following emulation functionalities are supported:" ], "id_hash": -3860507369092682608, "content_hash": -3860507369092682608, "location": "article.translate.xml:271", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 47, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 69, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157259/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157259, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=4a6cb9006c73ec90", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157259/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.274793Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> follows the traditional <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> scheme of dividing the run of a process in two halves: the kernel and user space. The kernel can be entered in two ways: via a trap or via a syscall. The return is handled only in one way. The further description applies to <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6 on the <trademark>i386</trademark> architecture. This information was taken from [2]." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> follows the traditional <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> scheme of dividing the run of a process in two halves: the kernel and user space. The kernel can be entered in two ways: via a trap or via a syscall. The return is handled only in one way. The further description applies to <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6 on the <trademark>i386</trademark> architecture. This information was taken from [2]." ], "id_hash": 3680077036248708024, "content_hash": 3680077036248708024, "location": "article.translate.xml:493", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 76, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 64, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157261/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157261, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=b31242910bad33b8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157261/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.296249Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "In the 2.6 version, the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> operating system redefined some of the traditional <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> primitives, notably PID, TID and thread. PID is defined not to be unique for every process, so for some processes (threads) <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getppid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> returns the same value. Unique identification of process is provided by TID. This is because <firstterm>NPTL</firstterm> (New <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> Thread Library) defines threads to be normal processes (so called 1:1 threading). Spawning a new process in <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6 happens using the <literal>clone</literal> syscall (fork variants are reimplemented using it). This clone syscall defines a set of flags that affect behavior of the cloning process regarding thread implementation. The semantic is a bit fuzzy as there is no single flag telling the syscall to create a thread." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "In the 2.6 version, the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> operating system redefined some of the traditional <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> primitives, notably PID, TID and thread. PID is defined not to be unique for every process, so for some processes (threads) <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getppid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> returns the same value. Unique identification of process is provided by TID. This is because <firstterm>NPTL</firstterm> (New <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> Thread Library) defines threads to be normal processes (so called 1:1 threading). Spawning a new process in <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6 happens using the <literal>clone</literal> syscall (fork variants are reimplemented using it). This clone syscall defines a set of flags that affect behavior of the cloning process regarding thread implementation. The semantic is a bit fuzzy as there is no single flag telling the syscall to create a thread." ], "id_hash": 5434135134896333711, "content_hash": 5434135134896333711, "location": "article.translate.xml:571", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect4/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 87, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 125, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157263/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157263, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=cb69ed1d28f7238f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157263/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.316557Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The solution <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6 implements is called futexes. Futexes implement the check for contention in userspace and call kernel primitives only in a case of contention. Thus the typical case takes place without any kernel intervention. This yields reasonably fast and flexible synchronization primitives implementation." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The solution <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6 implements is called futexes. Futexes implement the check for contention in userspace and call kernel primitives only in a case of contention. Thus the typical case takes place without any kernel intervention. This yields reasonably fast and flexible synchronization primitives implementation." ], "id_hash": 1309720183494923947, "content_hash": 1309720183494923947, "location": "article.translate.xml:2024", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 294, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 46, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157265/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157265, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=922d0f91545fd6ab", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157265/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.359354Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "This infrastructure is necessary to avoid races when opening files outside the working directory. Imagine that a process consists of two threads, thread A and thread B. Thread A issues <literal>open(./tmp/foo/bah., flags, mode)</literal> and before returning it gets preempted and thread B runs. Thread B does not care about the needs of thread A and renames or removes <filename>/tmp/foo/</filename>. We got a race. To avoid this we can open <filename>/tmp/foo</filename> and use it as <varname>dirfd</varname> for <function>openat</function> syscall. This also enables user to implement per-thread working directories." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "This infrastructure is necessary to avoid races when opening files outside the working directory. Imagine that a process consists of two threads, thread A and thread B. Thread A issues <literal>open(./tmp/foo/bah., flags, mode)</literal> and before returning it gets preempted and thread B runs. Thread B does not care about the needs of thread A and renames or removes <filename>/tmp/foo/</filename>. We got a race. To avoid this we can open <filename>/tmp/foo</filename> and use it as <varname>dirfd</varname> for <function>openat</function> syscall. This also enables user to implement per-thread working directories." ], "id_hash": 8222897637007509107, "content_hash": 8222897637007509107, "location": "article.translate.xml:2318", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 349, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 87, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157267/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157267, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=f21d99d5863b4673", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157267/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.384102Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The ioctl interface is quite fragile due to its generality. We have to bear in mind that devices differ between <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> and FreeBSD so some care must be applied to do ioctl emulation work right. The ioctl handling is implemented in <filename>linux_ioctl.c</filename>, where <function>linux_ioctl</function> function is defined. This function simply iterates over sets of ioctl handlers to find a handler that implements a given command. The ioctl syscall has three parameters, the file descriptor, command and an argument. The command is a 16-bit number, which in theory is divided into high 8 bits determining class of the ioctl command and low 8 bits, which are the actual command within the given set. The emulation takes advantage of this division. We implement handlers for each set, like <function>sound_handler</function> or <function>disk_handler</function>. Each handler has a maximum command and a minimum command defined, which is used for determining what handler is used. There are slight problems with this approach because <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> does not use the set division consistently so sometimes ioctls for a different set are inside a set they should not belong to (SCSI generic ioctls inside cdrom set, etc.). FreeBSD currently does not implement many <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> ioctls (compared to NetBSD, for example) but the plan is to port those from NetBSD. The trend is to use <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> ioctls even in the native FreeBSD drivers because of the easy porting of applications." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The ioctl interface is quite fragile due to its generality. We have to bear in mind that devices differ between <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> and FreeBSD so some care must be applied to do ioctl emulation work right. The ioctl handling is implemented in <filename>linux_ioctl.c</filename>, where <function>linux_ioctl</function> function is defined. This function simply iterates over sets of ioctl handlers to find a handler that implements a given command. The ioctl syscall has three parameters, the file descriptor, command and an argument. The command is a 16-bit number, which in theory is divided into high 8 bits determining class of the ioctl command and low 8 bits, which are the actual command within the given set. The emulation takes advantage of this division. We implement handlers for each set, like <function>sound_handler</function> or <function>disk_handler</function>. Each handler has a maximum command and a minimum command defined, which is used for determining what handler is used. There are slight problems with this approach because <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> does not use the set division consistently so sometimes ioctls for a different set are inside a set they should not belong to (SCSI generic ioctls inside cdrom set, etc.). FreeBSD currently does not implement many <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> ioctls (compared to NetBSD, for example) but the plan is to port those from NetBSD. The trend is to use <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> ioctls even in the native FreeBSD drivers because of the easy porting of applications." ], "id_hash": 8688480580634056386, "content_hash": 8688480580634056386, "location": "article.translate.xml:2392", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 356, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 234, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157269/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157269, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=f893af0df69296c2", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157269/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.402668Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "As of April 2007 the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> emulation layer is capable of emulating the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6.16 kernel quite well. The remaining problems concern futexes, unfinished *at family of syscalls, problematic signals delivery, missing <function>epoll</function> and <function>inotify</function> and probably some bugs we have not discovered yet. Despite this we are capable of running basically all the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> programs included in FreeBSD Ports Collection with Fedora Core 4 at 2.6.16 and there are some rudimentary reports of success with Fedora Core 6 at 2.6.16. The Fedora Core 6 linux_base was recently committed enabling some further testing of the emulation layer and giving us some more hints where we should put our effort in implementing missing stuff." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "As of April 2007 the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> emulation layer is capable of emulating the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> 2.6.16 kernel quite well. The remaining problems concern futexes, unfinished *at family of syscalls, problematic signals delivery, missing <function>epoll</function> and <function>inotify</function> and probably some bugs we have not discovered yet. Despite this we are capable of running basically all the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> programs included in FreeBSD Ports Collection with Fedora Core 4 at 2.6.16 and there are some rudimentary reports of success with Fedora Core 6 at 2.6.16. The Fedora Core 6 linux_base was recently committed enabling some further testing of the emulation layer and giving us some more hints where we should put our effort in implementing missing stuff." ], "id_hash": 8521607958261139229, "content_hash": 8521607958261139229, "location": "article.translate.xml:2440", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 361, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 116, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157271/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157271, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=f642d549e34c071d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157271/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.420278Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "We are able to run the most used applications like <package>www/linux-firefox</package>, <package>net-im/skype</package> and some games from the Ports Collection. Some of the programs exhibit bad behavior under 2.6 emulation but this is currently under investigation and hopefully will be fixed soon. The only big application that is known not to work is the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> <trademark>Java</trademark> Development Kit and this is because of the requirement of <function>epoll</function> facility which is not directly related to the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> kernel 2.6." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "We are able to run the most used applications like <package>www/linux-firefox</package>, <package>net-im/skype</package> and some games from the Ports Collection. Some of the programs exhibit bad behavior under 2.6 emulation but this is currently under investigation and hopefully will be fixed soon. The only big application that is known not to work is the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> <trademark>Java</trademark> Development Kit and this is because of the requirement of <function>epoll</function> facility which is not directly related to the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> kernel 2.6." ], "id_hash": -4525776641760329227, "content_hash": -4525776641760329227, "location": "article.translate.xml:2455", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 362, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 79, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157273/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157273, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=4131361f771d81f5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157273/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.437113Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "We hope to enable 2.6.16 emulation by default some time after FreeBSD 7.0 is released at least to expose the 2.6 emulation parts for some wider testing. Once this is done we can switch to Fedora Core 6 linux_base, which is the ultimate plan." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "We hope to enable 2.6.16 emulation by default some time after FreeBSD 7.0 is released at least to expose the 2.6 emulation parts for some wider testing. Once this is done we can switch to Fedora Core 6 linux_base, which is the ultimate plan." ], "id_hash": 5542595398051776702, "content_hash": 5542595398051776702, "location": "article.translate.xml:2466", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 363, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 44, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157275/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157275, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=cceb41260a9748be", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157275/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.454500Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "We hope to be able to run the most important programs flawlessly soon, so we will be able to switch to the 2.6 emulation by default and make the Fedora Core 6 the default linux_base because our currently used Fedora Core 4 is not supported any more." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "We hope to be able to run the most important programs flawlessly soon, so we will be able to switch to the 2.6 emulation by default and make the Fedora Core 6 the default linux_base because our currently used Fedora Core 4 is not supported any more." ], "id_hash": 1783364911372651517, "content_hash": 1783364911372651517, "location": "article.translate.xml:2482", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 366, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 47, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157277/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 157277, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=98bfc8f02f434bfd", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/157277/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2020-04-18T18:14:55.473584Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "$FreeBSD$" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "$FreeBSD$" ], "id_hash": -6157127918850188850, "content_hash": -6157127918850188850, "location": "article.translate.xml:54, article.translate.xml:56", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: info/pubdate\n(itstool) path: info/releaseinfo", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 14, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229205/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 229205, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=2a8d7cc7984b59ce", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229205/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2021-01-09T14:32:59.780891Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "There are currently two ways to implement threading in FreeBSD. The first way is M:N threading followed by the 1:1 threading model. The default library used is M:N threading (<literal>libpthread</literal>) and you can switch at runtime to 1:1 threading (<literal>libthr</literal>). The plan is to switch to 1:1 library by default soon. Although those two libraries use the same kernel primitives, they are accessed through different API(es). The M:N library uses the <literal>kse_*</literal> family of syscalls while the 1:1 library uses the <literal>thr_*</literal> family of syscalls. Due to this, there is no general concept of thread ID shared between kernel and userspace. Of course, both threading libraries implement the pthread thread ID API. Every kernel thread (as described by <literal>struct thread</literal>) has td tid identifier but this is not directly accessible from userland and solely serves the kernel's needs. It is also used for 1:1 threading library as pthread's thread ID but handling of this is internal to the library and cannot be relied on." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "There are currently two ways to implement threading in FreeBSD. The first way is M:N threading followed by the 1:1 threading model. The default library used is M:N threading (<literal>libpthread</literal>) and you can switch at runtime to 1:1 threading (<literal>libthr</literal>). The plan is to switch to 1:1 library by default soon. Although those two libraries use the same kernel primitives, they are accessed through different API(es). The M:N library uses the <literal>kse_*</literal> family of syscalls while the 1:1 library uses the <literal>thr_*</literal> family of syscalls. Due to this, there is no general concept of thread ID shared between kernel and userspace. Of course, both threading libraries implement the pthread thread ID API. Every kernel thread (as described by <literal>struct thread</literal>) has td tid identifier but this is not directly accessible from userland and solely serves the kernel's needs. It is also used for 1:1 threading library as pthread's thread ID but handling of this is internal to the library and cannot be relied on." ], "id_hash": -3103700627613132461, "content_hash": -3103700627613132461, "location": "article.translate.xml:413", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect4/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 68, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 164, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229206/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 229206, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=54ed70b929f65953", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229206/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2021-01-09T14:32:59.882025Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "As there is a difference in view as what to the idea of a process ID and thread ID is between FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> we have to translate the view somehow. We do it by PID mangling. This means that we fake what a PID (=TGID) and TID (=PID) is between kernel and userland. The rule of thumb is that in kernel (in Linuxulator) PID = PID and TGID = shared -> group pid and to userland we present <literal>PID = shared -> group_pid</literal> and <literal>TID = proc -> p_pid</literal>. The PID member of <literal>linux_emuldata structure</literal> is a FreeBSD PID." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "As there is a difference in view as what to the idea of a process ID and thread ID is between FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> we have to translate the view somehow. We do it by PID mangling. This means that we fake what a PID (=TGID) and TID (=PID) is between kernel and userland. The rule of thumb is that in kernel (in Linuxulator) PID = PID and TGID = shared -> group pid and to userland we present <literal>PID = shared -> group_pid</literal> and <literal>TID = proc -> p_pid</literal>. The PID member of <literal>linux_emuldata structure</literal> is a FreeBSD PID." ], "id_hash": 7924950461666399546, "content_hash": 7924950461666399546, "location": "article.translate.xml:1704", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 261, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 101, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229207/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 229207, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=edfb1474ea31953a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229207/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2021-01-09T14:33:00.231088Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The locking is implemented to be per-subsystem because we do not expect a lot of contention on these. There are two locks: <literal>emul_lock</literal> used to protect manipulating of <literal>linux_emuldata</literal> and <literal>emul_shared_lock</literal> used to manipulate <literal>linux_emuldata_shared</literal>. The <literal>emul_lock</literal> is a nonsleepable blocking mutex while <literal>emul_shared_lock</literal> is a sleepable blocking <literal>sx_lock</literal>. Due to the per-subsystem locking we can coalesce some locks and that is why the em find offers the non-locking access." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The locking is implemented to be per-subsystem because we do not expect a lot of contention on these. There are two locks: <literal>emul_lock</literal> used to protect manipulating of <literal>linux_emuldata</literal> and <literal>emul_shared_lock</literal> used to manipulate <literal>linux_emuldata_shared</literal>. The <literal>emul_lock</literal> is a nonsleepable blocking mutex while <literal>emul_shared_lock</literal> is a sleepable blocking <literal>sx_lock</literal>. Due to the per-subsystem locking we can coalesce some locks and that is why the em find offers the non-locking access." ], "id_hash": -7958131764761216928, "content_hash": -7958131764761216928, "location": "article.translate.xml:1796", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 270, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 70, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229208/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 229208, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=118f0952eda7b860", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229208/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2021-01-09T14:33:00.266386Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Threaded programs should be written with as little contention on locks as possible. Otherwise, instead of doing useful work the thread just waits on a lock. As a result of this, the most well written threaded programs show little locks contention." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Threaded programs should be written with as little contention on locks as possible. Otherwise, instead of doing useful work the thread just waits on a lock. As a result of this, the most well written threaded programs show little locks contention." ], "id_hash": 1626607788193262355, "content_hash": 1626607788193262355, "location": "article.translate.xml:2000", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 289, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 41, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229209/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 229209, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/en/?checksum=9692df2a4c24ab13", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/229209/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2021-01-09T14:33:00.316197Z" } ] }