Units
Translation components API.
See the Weblate's Web API documentation for detailed description of the API.
GET /api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/units/?format=api&page=6
{ "count": 393, "next": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/units/?format=api&page=7", "previous": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/units/?format=api&page=5", "results": [ { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Filestores" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Filestores" ], "id_hash": 5411696762816863234, "content_hash": 5411696762816863234, "location": "book.translate.xml:2004", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 251, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105097/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105097, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=cb1a35888bd49c02", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105097/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.928633Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The operations defined for local filesystems are divided into two parts. Common to all local filesystems are hierarchical naming, locking, quotas, attribute management, and protection. These features are independent of how the data will be stored. 4.4BSD has a single implementation to provide these semantics." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The operations defined for local filesystems are divided into two parts. Common to all local filesystems are hierarchical naming, locking, quotas, attribute management, and protection. These features are independent of how the data will be stored. 4.4BSD has a single implementation to provide these semantics." ], "id_hash": -7239830421691209299, "content_hash": -7239830421691209299, "location": "book.translate.xml:2006", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 252, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 45, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105098/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105098, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=1b86f496f90769ad", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105098/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.943168Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The other part of the local filesystem is the organization and management of the data on the storage media. Laying out the contents of files on the storage media is the responsibility of the filestore. 4.4BSD supports three different filestore layouts:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The other part of the local filesystem is the organization and management of the data on the storage media. Laying out the contents of files on the storage media is the responsibility of the filestore. 4.4BSD supports three different filestore layouts:" ], "id_hash": 6216562044765527982, "content_hash": 6216562044765527982, "location": "book.translate.xml:2012", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 253, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 41, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105099/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105099, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=d645aa3e326cdfae", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105099/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.954745Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The traditional Berkeley Fast Filesystem" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The traditional Berkeley Fast Filesystem" ], "id_hash": -2007061687195532991, "content_hash": -2007061687195532991, "location": "book.translate.xml:2020", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 254, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 5, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105100/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105100, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=64257c07846a0141", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105100/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.965600Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The log-structured filesystem, based on the Sprite operating-system design <xref linkend=\"biblio-rosenblum\"/>" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The log-structured filesystem, based on the Sprite operating-system design <xref linkend=\"biblio-rosenblum\"/>" ], "id_hash": -3536686730333490200, "content_hash": -3536686730333490200, "location": "book.translate.xml:2023", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 255, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 11, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105101/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105101, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=4eeb2a282ca273e8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105101/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.980087Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "A memory-based filesystem" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "A memory-based filesystem" ], "id_hash": 2064172977162227125, "content_hash": 2064172977162227125, "location": "book.translate.xml:2028", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 256, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105102/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105102, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=9ca56a62e2b70db5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105102/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:23.995493Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Although the organizations of these filestores are completely different, these differences are indistinguishable to the processes using the filestores." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Although the organizations of these filestores are completely different, these differences are indistinguishable to the processes using the filestores." ], "id_hash": -4433874022450745362, "content_hash": -4433874022450745362, "location": "book.translate.xml:2032", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 257, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 19, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105103/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105103, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=4277b71178fdafee", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105103/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.008566Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The Fast Filesystem organizes data into cylinder groups. Files that are likely to be accessed together, based on their locations in the filesystem hierarchy, are stored in the same cylinder group. Files that are not expected to accessed together are moved into different cylinder groups. Thus, files written at the same time may be placed far apart on the disk." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The Fast Filesystem organizes data into cylinder groups. Files that are likely to be accessed together, based on their locations in the filesystem hierarchy, are stored in the same cylinder group. Files that are not expected to accessed together are moved into different cylinder groups. Thus, files written at the same time may be placed far apart on the disk." ], "id_hash": 1516182851332788577, "content_hash": 1516182851332788577, "location": "book.translate.xml:2036", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 258, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 60, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105104/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105104, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=950a90452c3ad161", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105104/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.025120Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The log-structured filesystem organizes data as a log. All data being written at any point in time are gathered together, and are written at the same disk location. Data are never overwritten; instead, a new copy of the file is written that replaces the old one. The old files are reclaimed by a garbage-collection process that runs when the filesystem becomes full and additional free space is needed." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The log-structured filesystem organizes data as a log. All data being written at any point in time are gathered together, and are written at the same disk location. Data are never overwritten; instead, a new copy of the file is written that replaces the old one. The old files are reclaimed by a garbage-collection process that runs when the filesystem becomes full and additional free space is needed." ], "id_hash": 2160751977548671875, "content_hash": 2160751977548671875, "location": "book.translate.xml:2045", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 259, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 68, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105105/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105105, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=9dfc8879b582eb83", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105105/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.031050Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The memory-based filesystem is designed to store data in virtual memory. It is used for filesystems that need to support fast but temporary data, such as <filename>/tmp</filename>. The goal of the memory-based filesystem is to keep the storage packed as compactly as possible to minimize the usage of virtual-memory resources." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The memory-based filesystem is designed to store data in virtual memory. It is used for filesystems that need to support fast but temporary data, such as <filename>/tmp</filename>. The goal of the memory-based filesystem is to keep the storage packed as compactly as possible to minimize the usage of virtual-memory resources." ], "id_hash": 1116248357095978917, "content_hash": 1116248357095978917, "location": "book.translate.xml:2053", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 260, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 50, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105106/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105106, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=8f7db5f775d1b7a5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105106/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.056393Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Network Filesystem" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Network Filesystem" ], "id_hash": -5227277228921052024, "content_hash": -5227277228921052024, "location": "book.translate.xml:2063", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 261, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105107/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105107, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=3774fb0e3bac2488", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105107/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.084201Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Initially, networking was used to transfer data from one machine to another. Later, it evolved to allowing users to log in remotely to another machine. The next logical step was to bring the data to the user, instead of having the user go to the data -- and network filesystems were born. Users working locally do not experience the network delays on each keystroke, so they have a more responsive environment." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Initially, networking was used to transfer data from one machine to another. Later, it evolved to allowing users to log in remotely to another machine. The next logical step was to bring the data to the user, instead of having the user go to the data -- and network filesystems were born. Users working locally do not experience the network delays on each keystroke, so they have a more responsive environment." ], "id_hash": -4923532896975909753, "content_hash": -4923532896975909753, "location": "book.translate.xml:2065", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 262, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 71, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105108/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105108, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=3bac18ea8bcd0c87", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105108/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.099866Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Bringing the filesystem to a local machine was among the first of the major client-server applications. The <emphasis>server</emphasis> is the remote machine that exports one or more of its filesystems. The <emphasis>client</emphasis> is the local machine that imports those filesystems. From the local client's point of view, a remotely mounted filesystem appears in the file-tree name space just like any other locally mounted filesystem. Local clients can change into directories on the remote filesystem, and can read, write, and execute binaries within that remote filesystem identically to the way that they can do these operations on a local filesystem." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Bringing the filesystem to a local machine was among the first of the major client-server applications. The <emphasis>server</emphasis> is the remote machine that exports one or more of its filesystems. The <emphasis>client</emphasis> is the local machine that imports those filesystems. From the local client's point of view, a remotely mounted filesystem appears in the file-tree name space just like any other locally mounted filesystem. Local clients can change into directories on the remote filesystem, and can read, write, and execute binaries within that remote filesystem identically to the way that they can do these operations on a local filesystem." ], "id_hash": -3231021378768667861, "content_hash": -3231021378768667861, "location": "book.translate.xml:2075", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 263, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 99, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105109/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105109, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=53291b2cb8ccfb2b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105109/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.116692Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "When the local client does an operation on a remote filesystem, the request is packaged and is sent to the server. The server does the requested operation and returns either the requested information or an error indicating why the request was denied. To get reasonable performance, the client must cache frequently accessed data. The complexity of remote filesystems lies in maintaining cache consistency between the server and its many clients." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "When the local client does an operation on a remote filesystem, the request is packaged and is sent to the server. The server does the requested operation and returns either the requested information or an error indicating why the request was denied. To get reasonable performance, the client must cache frequently accessed data. The complexity of remote filesystems lies in maintaining cache consistency between the server and its many clients." ], "id_hash": 7312634327631026403, "content_hash": 7312634327631026403, "location": "book.translate.xml:2091", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 264, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 70, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105110/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105110, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=e57bb22d4ec658e3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105110/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.131185Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Although many remote-filesystem protocols have been developed over the years, the most pervasive one in use among UNIX systems is the Network Filesystem (NFS), whose protocol and most widely used implementation were done by Sun Microsystems. The 4.4BSD kernel supports the NFS protocol, although the implementation was done independently from the protocol specification <xref linkend=\"biblio-macklem\"/>. The NFS protocol is described in Chapter 9." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Although many remote-filesystem protocols have been developed over the years, the most pervasive one in use among UNIX systems is the Network Filesystem (NFS), whose protocol and most widely used implementation were done by Sun Microsystems. The 4.4BSD kernel supports the NFS protocol, although the implementation was done independently from the protocol specification <xref linkend=\"biblio-macklem\"/>. The NFS protocol is described in Chapter 9." ], "id_hash": 4659312628142683051, "content_hash": 4659312628142683051, "location": "book.translate.xml:2101", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 265, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 63, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105111/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105111, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=c0a9342631efb3ab", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105111/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.149997Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Terminals" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Terminals" ], "id_hash": 7739541480018665938, "content_hash": 7739541480018665938, "location": "book.translate.xml:2121", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 266, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105112/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105112, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=eb685ff860e9e1d2", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105112/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.163543Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Terminals support the standard system I/O operations, as well as a collection of terminal-specific operations to control input-character editing and output delays. At the lowest level are the terminal device drivers that control the hardware terminal ports. Terminal input is handled according to the underlying communication characteristics, such as baud rate, and according to a set of software-controllable parameters, such as parity checking." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Terminals support the standard system I/O operations, as well as a collection of terminal-specific operations to control input-character editing and output delays. At the lowest level are the terminal device drivers that control the hardware terminal ports. Terminal input is handled according to the underlying communication characteristics, such as baud rate, and according to a set of software-controllable parameters, such as parity checking." ], "id_hash": -8966422730243990015, "content_hash": -8966422730243990015, "location": "book.translate.xml:2123", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 267, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 63, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105113/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105113, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=0390de0871d19e01", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105113/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.182835Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Layered above the terminal device drivers are line disciplines that provide various degrees of character processing. The default line discipline is selected when a port is being used for an interactive login. The line discipline is run in <emphasis>canonical mode</emphasis>; input is processed to provide standard line-oriented editing functions, and input is presented to a process on a line-by-line basis." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Layered above the terminal device drivers are line disciplines that provide various degrees of character processing. The default line discipline is selected when a port is being used for an interactive login. The line discipline is run in <emphasis>canonical mode</emphasis>; input is processed to provide standard line-oriented editing functions, and input is presented to a process on a line-by-line basis." ], "id_hash": 5900382931095955349, "content_hash": 5900382931095955349, "location": "book.translate.xml:2133", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 268, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 60, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105114/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105114, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=d1e25f03a6c0a795", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105114/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.204754Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Screen editors and programs that communicate with other computers generally run in <emphasis>noncanonical mode</emphasis> (also commonly referred to as <emphasis>raw mode</emphasis> or <emphasis>character-at-a-time mode</emphasis>). In this mode, input is passed through to the reading process immediately and without interpretation. All special-character input processing is disabled, no erase or other line editing processing is done, and all characters are passed to the program that is reading from the terminal." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Screen editors and programs that communicate with other computers generally run in <emphasis>noncanonical mode</emphasis> (also commonly referred to as <emphasis>raw mode</emphasis> or <emphasis>character-at-a-time mode</emphasis>). In this mode, input is passed through to the reading process immediately and without interpretation. All special-character input processing is disabled, no erase or other line editing processing is done, and all characters are passed to the program that is reading from the terminal." ], "id_hash": 4621699234848046054, "content_hash": 4621699234848046054, "location": "book.translate.xml:2143", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 269, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 68, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105115/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105115, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=c02392f79fcffbe6", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105115/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.218375Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "It is possible to configure the terminal in thousands of combinations between these two extremes. For example, a screen editor that wanted to receive user interrupts asynchronously might enable the special characters that generate signals and enable output flow control, but otherwise run in noncanonical mode; all other characters would be passed through to the process uninterpreted." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "It is possible to configure the terminal in thousands of combinations between these two extremes. 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"pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.227872Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "On output, the terminal handler provides simple formatting services, including" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "On output, the terminal handler provides simple formatting services, including" ], "id_hash": -8464996961912663615, "content_hash": -8464996961912663615, "location": "book.translate.xml:2167", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 271, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 10, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105117/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105117, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=0a864a1cd46f51c1", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105117/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.238708Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Converting the line-feed character to the two-character carriage-return-line-feed sequence" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Converting the line-feed character to the two-character carriage-return-line-feed sequence" ], "id_hash": 5979945720472917701, "content_hash": 5979945720472917701, "location": "book.translate.xml:2173", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 272, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 9, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105118/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105118, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=d2fd08f31ce7d6c5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105118/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.255065Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Inserting delays after certain standard control characters" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Inserting delays after certain standard control characters" ], "id_hash": -7891813609607058667, "content_hash": -7891813609607058667, "location": "book.translate.xml:2178", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 273, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 7, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105119/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105119, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=127aa555adc72b15", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105119/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.275163Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Expanding tabs" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Expanding tabs" ], "id_hash": 2742751769262199755, "content_hash": 2742751769262199755, "location": "book.translate.xml:2182", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 274, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105120/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105120, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=a6103633d1f293cb", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105120/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.309881Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Displaying echoed nongraphic ASCII characters as a two-character sequence of the form ``^C'' (i.e., the ASCII caret character followed by the ASCII character that is the character's value offset from the ASCII ``@'' character)." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Displaying echoed nongraphic ASCII characters as a two-character sequence of the form ``^C'' (i.e., the ASCII caret character followed by the ASCII character that is the character's value offset from the ASCII ``@'' character)." ], "id_hash": 3801043738880748294, "content_hash": 3801043738880748294, "location": "book.translate.xml:2186", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 275, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 34, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105121/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105121, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=b4c0052447b5ab06", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105121/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.326687Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Each of these formatting services can be disabled individually by a process through control requests." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Each of these formatting services can be disabled individually by a process through control requests." ], "id_hash": -7564254420288919425, "content_hash": -7564254420288919425, "location": "book.translate.xml:2200", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 276, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 15, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105122/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105122, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=17065eae9000287f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105122/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.344232Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Interprocess Communication" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Interprocess Communication" ], "id_hash": 3287433970602818122, "content_hash": 3287433970602818122, "location": "book.translate.xml:2206", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 277, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105123/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105123, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=ad9f4fc758553a4a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105123/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.357743Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Interprocess communication in 4.4BSD is organized in <emphasis>communication domains</emphasis>. Domains currently supported include the <emphasis>local domain</emphasis>, for communication between processes executing on the same machine; the <emphasis>internet domain</emphasis>, for communication between processes using the TCP/IP protocol suite (perhaps within the Internet); the ISO/OSI protocol family for communication between sites required to run them; and the <emphasis>XNS domain</emphasis>, for communication between processes using the XEROX Network Systems (XNS) protocols." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Interprocess communication in 4.4BSD is organized in <emphasis>communication domains</emphasis>. Domains currently supported include the <emphasis>local domain</emphasis>, for communication between processes executing on the same machine; the <emphasis>internet domain</emphasis>, for communication between processes using the TCP/IP protocol suite (perhaps within the Internet); the ISO/OSI protocol family for communication between sites required to run them; and the <emphasis>XNS domain</emphasis>, for communication between processes using the XEROX Network Systems (XNS) protocols." ], "id_hash": 1631873033738686603, "content_hash": 1631873033738686603, "location": "book.translate.xml:2208", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 278, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 68, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105124/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105124, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=96a593e0ce88908b", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105124/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.366678Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Within a domain, communication takes place between communication endpoints known as <emphasis>sockets</emphasis>. As mentioned in Section 2.6, the <emphasis>socket</emphasis> system call creates a socket and returns a descriptor; other IPC system calls are described in Chapter 11. Each socket has a type that defines its communications semantics; these semantics include properties such as reliability, ordering, and prevention of duplication of messages." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Within a domain, communication takes place between communication endpoints known as <emphasis>sockets</emphasis>. As mentioned in Section 2.6, the <emphasis>socket</emphasis> system call creates a socket and returns a descriptor; other IPC system calls are described in Chapter 11. Each socket has a type that defines its communications semantics; these semantics include properties such as reliability, ordering, and prevention of duplication of messages." ], "id_hash": 6608995471689475607, "content_hash": 6608995471689475607, "location": "book.translate.xml:2227", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 279, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 61, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105125/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105125, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=dbb7de5d94376617", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105125/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.378746Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Each socket has associated with it a <emphasis>communication protocol</emphasis>. This protocol provides the semantics required by the socket according to the latter's type. Applications may request a specific protocol when creating a socket, or may allow the system to select a protocol that is appropriate for the type of socket being created." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Each socket has associated with it a <emphasis>communication protocol</emphasis>. This protocol provides the semantics required by the socket according to the latter's type. Applications may request a specific protocol when creating a socket, or may allow the system to select a protocol that is appropriate for the type of socket being created." ], "id_hash": 3093590101207094973, "content_hash": 3093590101207094973, "location": "book.translate.xml:2243", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 280, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 52, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105126/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105126, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=aaeea3ce771d16bd", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105126/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.397168Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Sockets may have addresses bound to them. The form and meaning of socket addresses are dependent on the communication domain in which the socket is created. Binding a name to a socket in the local domain causes a file to be created in the filesystem." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Sockets may have addresses bound to them. The form and meaning of socket addresses are dependent on the communication domain in which the socket is created. Binding a name to a socket in the local domain causes a file to be created in the filesystem." ], "id_hash": 5129089513233944957, "content_hash": 5129089513233944957, "location": "book.translate.xml:2251", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 281, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 45, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105127/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105127, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=c72e2fbcb97d917d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105127/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.416086Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Normal data transmitted and received through sockets are untyped. Data-representation issues are the responsibility of libraries built on top of the interprocess-communication facilities. In addition to transporting normal data, communication domains may support the transmission and reception of specially typed data, termed <emphasis>access rights</emphasis>. The local domain, for example, uses this facility to pass descriptors between processes." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Normal data transmitted and received through sockets are untyped. Data-representation issues are the responsibility of libraries built on top of the interprocess-communication facilities. In addition to transporting normal data, communication domains may support the transmission and reception of specially typed data, termed <emphasis>access rights</emphasis>. The local domain, for example, uses this facility to pass descriptors between processes." ], "id_hash": 8820734847008682797, "content_hash": 8820734847008682797, "location": "book.translate.xml:2257", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 282, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 57, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105128/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105128, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=fa698b9beddcb32d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105128/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.437130Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Networking implementations on UNIX before 4.2BSD usually worked by overloading the character-device interfaces. One goal of the socket interface was for naive programs to be able to work without change on stream-style connections. Such programs can work only if the <emphasis>read</emphasis> and <emphasis>write</emphasis> systems calls are unchanged. Consequently, the original interfaces were left intact, and were made to work on stream-type sockets. A new interface was added for more complicated sockets, such as those used to send datagrams, with which a destination address must be presented with each <emphasis>send</emphasis> call." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Networking implementations on UNIX before 4.2BSD usually worked by overloading the character-device interfaces. One goal of the socket interface was for naive programs to be able to work without change on stream-style connections. Such programs can work only if the <emphasis>read</emphasis> and <emphasis>write</emphasis> systems calls are unchanged. Consequently, the original interfaces were left intact, and were made to work on stream-type sockets. A new interface was added for more complicated sockets, such as those used to send datagrams, with which a destination address must be presented with each <emphasis>send</emphasis> call." ], "id_hash": 7988374361113258400, "content_hash": 7988374361113258400, "location": "book.translate.xml:2266", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 283, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 90, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105129/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105129, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=eedc68283efe69a0", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105129/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.453148Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Another benefit is that the new interface is highly portable. Shortly after a test release was available from Berkeley, the socket interface had been ported to System III by a UNIX vendor (although AT&T did not support the socket interface until the release of System V Release 4, deciding instead to use the Eighth Edition stream mechanism). The socket interface was also ported to run in many Ethernet boards by vendors, such as Excelan and Interlan, that were selling into the PC market, where the machines were too small to run networking in the main processor. More recently, the socket interface was used as the basis for Microsoft's Winsock networking interface for Windows." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Another benefit is that the new interface is highly portable. Shortly after a test release was available from Berkeley, the socket interface had been ported to System III by a UNIX vendor (although AT&T did not support the socket interface until the release of System V Release 4, deciding instead to use the Eighth Edition stream mechanism). The socket interface was also ported to run in many Ethernet boards by vendors, such as Excelan and Interlan, that were selling into the PC market, where the machines were too small to run networking in the main processor. More recently, the socket interface was used as the basis for Microsoft's Winsock networking interface for Windows." ], "id_hash": 943411836533980663, "content_hash": 943411836533980663, "location": "book.translate.xml:2283", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 284, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 113, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105130/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105130, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=8d17ac112181bdf7", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105130/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.467713Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Network Communication" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Network Communication" ], "id_hash": 6972248599190333783, "content_hash": 6972248599190333783, "location": "book.translate.xml:2300", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 285, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105131/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105131, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=e0c2672910746957", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105131/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.484007Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Some of the communication domains supported by the <emphasis>socket</emphasis> IPC mechanism provide access to network protocols. These protocols are implemented as a separate software layer logically below the socket software in the kernel. The kernel provides many ancillary services, such as buffer management, message routing, standardized interfaces to the protocols, and interfaces to the network interface drivers for the use of the various network protocols." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Some of the communication domains supported by the <emphasis>socket</emphasis> IPC mechanism provide access to network protocols. These protocols are implemented as a separate software layer logically below the socket software in the kernel. The kernel provides many ancillary services, such as buffer management, message routing, standardized interfaces to the protocols, and interfaces to the network interface drivers for the use of the various network protocols." ], "id_hash": -6245254385418596401, "content_hash": -6245254385418596401, "location": "book.translate.xml:2302", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 286, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 65, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105132/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105132, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=29546639a92c8fcf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105132/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.499697Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "At the time that 4.2BSD was being implemented, there were many networking protocols in use or under development, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. There was no clearly superior protocol or protocol suite. By supporting multiple protocols, 4.2BSD could provide interoperability and resource sharing among the diverse set of machines that was available in the Berkeley environment. Multiple-protocol support also provides for future changes. Today's protocols designed for 10- to 100-Mbit-per-second Ethernets are likely to be inadequate for tomorrow's 1- to 10-Gbit-per-second fiber-optic networks. Consequently, the network-communication layer is designed to support multiple protocols. New protocols are added to the kernel without the support for older protocols being affected. Older applications can continue to operate using the old protocol over the same physical network as is used by newer applications running with a newer network protocol." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "At the time that 4.2BSD was being implemented, there were many networking protocols in use or under development, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. There was no clearly superior protocol or protocol suite. By supporting multiple protocols, 4.2BSD could provide interoperability and resource sharing among the diverse set of machines that was available in the Berkeley environment. Multiple-protocol support also provides for future changes. Today's protocols designed for 10- to 100-Mbit-per-second Ethernets are likely to be inadequate for tomorrow's 1- to 10-Gbit-per-second fiber-optic networks. Consequently, the network-communication layer is designed to support multiple protocols. New protocols are added to the kernel without the support for older protocols being affected. Older applications can continue to operate using the old protocol over the same physical network as is used by newer applications running with a newer network protocol." ], "id_hash": 5461470611085324636, "content_hash": 5461470611085324636, "location": "book.translate.xml:2313", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 287, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 137, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105133/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105133, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=cbcb0a95acf9f15c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105133/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.524381Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Network Implementation" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Network Implementation" ], "id_hash": 658147247897924505, "content_hash": 658147247897924505, "location": "book.translate.xml:2335", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 288, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105134/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105134, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=8922356f58db5399", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105134/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.544266Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The first protocol suite implemented in 4.2BSD was DARPA's Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The CSRG chose TCP/IP as the first network to incorporate into the socket IPC framework, because a 4.1BSD-based implementation was publicly available from a DARPA-sponsored project at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN). That was an influential choice: The 4.2BSD implementation is the main reason for the extremely widespread use of this protocol suite. Later performance and capability improvements to the TCP/IP implementation have also been widely adopted. The TCP/IP implementation is described in detail in Chapter 13." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The first protocol suite implemented in 4.2BSD was DARPA's Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The CSRG chose TCP/IP as the first network to incorporate into the socket IPC framework, because a 4.1BSD-based implementation was publicly available from a DARPA-sponsored project at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN). That was an influential choice: The 4.2BSD implementation is the main reason for the extremely widespread use of this protocol suite. Later performance and capability improvements to the TCP/IP implementation have also been widely adopted. The TCP/IP implementation is described in detail in Chapter 13." ], "id_hash": 4306093996864183870, "content_hash": 4306093996864183870, "location": "book.translate.xml:2337", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 289, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 91, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105135/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105135, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=bbc251acec881e3e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105135/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.561571Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The release of 4.3BSD added the Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocol suite, partly building on work done at the University of Maryland and at Cornell University. This suite was needed to connect isolated machines that could not communicate using TCP/IP." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The release of 4.3BSD added the Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocol suite, partly building on work done at the University of Maryland and at Cornell University. This suite was needed to connect isolated machines that could not communicate using TCP/IP." ], "id_hash": -3927643211243516081, "content_hash": -3927643211243516081, "location": "book.translate.xml:2363", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 290, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 40, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105136/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105136, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=497e354f155b0f4f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105136/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.571731Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "The release of 4.4BSD added the ISO protocol suite because of the latter's increasing visibility both within and outside the United States. Because of the somewhat different semantics defined for the ISO protocols, some minor changes were required in the socket interface to accommodate these semantics. The changes were made such that they were invisible to clients of other existing protocols. The ISO protocols also required extensive addition to the two-level routing tables provided by the kernel in 4.3BSD. The greatly expanded routing capabilities of 4.4BSD include arbitrary levels of routing with variable-length addresses and network masks." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "The release of 4.4BSD added the ISO protocol suite because of the latter's increasing visibility both within and outside the United States. Because of the somewhat different semantics defined for the ISO protocols, some minor changes were required in the socket interface to accommodate these semantics. The changes were made such that they were invisible to clients of other existing protocols. The ISO protocols also required extensive addition to the two-level routing tables provided by the kernel in 4.3BSD. The greatly expanded routing capabilities of 4.4BSD include arbitrary levels of routing with variable-length addresses and network masks." ], "id_hash": 6018887609787767205, "content_hash": 6018887609787767205, "location": "book.translate.xml:2373", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 291, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 97, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105137/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105137, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=d3876264446659a5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105137/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.586676Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "System Operation" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "System Operation" ], "id_hash": 7779855405715690272, "content_hash": 7779855405715690272, "location": "book.translate.xml:2393", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 292, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105138/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105138, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=ebf79945a5961320", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105138/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.598966Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Bootstrapping mechanisms are used to start the system running. First, the 4.4BSD kernel must be loaded into the main memory of the processor. Once loaded, it must go through an initialization phase to set the hardware into a known state. Next, the kernel must do autoconfiguration, a process that finds and configures the peripherals that are attached to the processor. The system begins running in single-user mode while a start-up script does disk checks and starts the accounting and quota checking. Finally, the start-up script starts the general system services and brings up the system to full multiuser operation." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Bootstrapping mechanisms are used to start the system running. First, the 4.4BSD kernel must be loaded into the main memory of the processor. Once loaded, it must go through an initialization phase to set the hardware into a known state. Next, the kernel must do autoconfiguration, a process that finds and configures the peripherals that are attached to the processor. The system begins running in single-user mode while a start-up script does disk checks and starts the accounting and quota checking. Finally, the start-up script starts the general system services and brings up the system to full multiuser operation." ], "id_hash": -7438528007610197037, "content_hash": -7438528007610197037, "location": "book.translate.xml:2395", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 293, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 99, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105139/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105139, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=18c50a3026999bd3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105139/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.605521Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "During multiuser operation, processes wait for login requests on the terminal lines and network ports that have been configured for user access. 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"https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "References" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "References" ], "id_hash": -6862295058752189145, "content_hash": -6862295058752189145, "location": "book.translate.xml:2420", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: bibliography/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 295, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105141/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105141, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=20c43b0087284d27", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105141/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.628487Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api", "source": [ "Accetta et al, 1986" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Accetta et al, 1986" ], "id_hash": -5313037148334681777, "content_hash": -5313037148334681777, "location": "book.translate.xml:2423", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: biblioentry/abbrev", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 100, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 296, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 4, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105142/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 105142, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=36444cdcff0e914f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/105142/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:24.643780Z" }, { "translation": 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