Unit Instance

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{
    "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?format=api",
    "source": [
        "The boundary between the kernel- and user-level code is enforced by hardware-protection facilities provided by the underlying hardware. The kernel operates in a separate address space that is inaccessible to user processes. Privileged operations -- such as starting I/O and halting the central processing unit (CPU) -- are available to only the kernel. Applications request services from the kernel with <emphasis>system calls</emphasis>. System calls are used to cause the kernel to execute complicated operations, such as writing data to secondary storage, and simple operations, such as returning the current time of day. All system calls appear <emphasis>synchronous</emphasis> to applications: The application does not run while the kernel does the actions associated with a system call. The kernel may finish some operations associated with a system call after it has returned. For example, a <emphasis>write</emphasis> system call will copy the data to be written from the user process to a kernel buffer while the process waits, but will usually return from the system call before the kernel buffer is written to the disk."
    ],
    "previous_source": "",
    "target": [
        "The boundary between the kernel- and user-level code is enforced by hardware-protection facilities provided by the underlying hardware. The kernel operates in a separate address space that is inaccessible to user processes. Privileged operations -- such as starting I/O and halting the central processing unit (CPU) -- are available to only the kernel. Applications request services from the kernel with <emphasis>system calls</emphasis>. System calls are used to cause the kernel to execute complicated operations, such as writing data to secondary storage, and simple operations, such as returning the current time of day. All system calls appear <emphasis>synchronous</emphasis> to applications: The application does not run while the kernel does the actions associated with a system call. The kernel may finish some operations associated with a system call after it has returned. For example, a <emphasis>write</emphasis> system call will copy the data to be written from the user process to a kernel buffer while the process waits, but will usually return from the system call before the kernel buffer is written to the disk."
    ],
    "id_hash": -2995402912014084511,
    "content_hash": -2995402912014084511,
    "location": "book.translate.xml:555",
    "context": "",
    "note": "(itstool) path: sect1/para",
    "flags": "",
    "labels": [],
    "state": 100,
    "fuzzy": false,
    "translated": true,
    "approved": false,
    "position": 134,
    "has_suggestion": false,
    "has_comment": false,
    "has_failing_check": false,
    "num_words": 172,
    "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/104980/?format=api",
    "priority": 100,
    "id": 104980,
    "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/boooks_design-44bsd/en/?checksum=566e30ebfe3ad661",
    "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/104980/?format=api",
    "explanation": "",
    "extra_flags": "",
    "pending": false,
    "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:22:21.712157Z"
}