Units
Translation components API.
See the Weblate's Web API documentation for detailed description of the API.
GET /api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/units/?format=api&page=6
{ "count": 384, "next": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/units/?format=api&page=7", "previous": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/units/?format=api&page=5", "results": [ { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The <literal>linux_emuldata</literal> structure can be obtained from the process using <function>em_find</function>. The prototype of the function is:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "El <literal>linux_emuldata</literal> La estructura se puede obtener del proceso utilizando <function>em_find</function>. el prototipo de la función es:" ], "id_hash": 2356672893615665542, "content_hash": 2356672893615665542, "location": "article.translate.xml:1686", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 257, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 17, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99655/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26522, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=a0b49582b3c0f186", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26522/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.919727Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "struct linux_emuldata *em_find(struct proc *, int locked);" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "struct linux_emuldata *em_find(struct proc *, int locked);" ], "id_hash": -4939737216259653610, "content_hash": -4939737216259653610, "location": "article.translate.xml:1691", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/programlisting", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 258, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 7, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99656/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26523, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=3b72872c75110016", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26523/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.926369Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Here, <varname>proc</varname> is the process we want the emuldata structure from and the locked parameter determines whether we want to lock or not. The accepted values are <literal>EMUL_DOLOCK</literal> and <literal>EMUL_DOUNLOCK</literal>. More about locking later." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Aqui, <varname>proc</varname> es el proceso del que queremos la estructura emuldata y el parámetro bloqueado determina si queremos bloquear o no. Los valores aceptados son<literal>EMUL_DOLOCK</literal> y <literal>EMUL_DOUNLOCK</literal>. Más sobre bloquear más tarde." ], "id_hash": -6581487719180410332, "content_hash": -6581487719180410332, "location": "article.translate.xml:1693", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 259, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 34, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99657/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26524, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=24a9dbca24a7e224", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26524/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.933809Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "PID mangling" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Destrucción de PID" ], "id_hash": 7784120301590942195, "content_hash": 7784120301590942195, "location": "article.translate.xml:1702", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 260, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99658/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26525, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=ec06c02c193c11f3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26525/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.940596Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The above affects mainly getpid, getppid, gettid syscalls. Where we use PID/TGID respectively. In copyout of TIDs in <function>child_clear_tid</function> and <function>child_set_tid</function> we copy out FreeBSD PID." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Lo anterior afecta principalmente a las llamadas al sistema getpid, getppid, gettid. Donde usamos PID / TGID respectivamente. En copia de TID en <function>child_clear_tid</function> y<function>child_set_tid</function> copiamos FreeBSD PID." ], "id_hash": -6706289634729020190, "content_hash": -6706289634729020190, "location": "article.translate.xml:1716", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 262, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 26, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99660/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26527, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=22ee791bd117b4e2", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26527/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.972296Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Clone syscall" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Clonar syscall" ], "id_hash": -7335231570000641755, "content_hash": -7335231570000641755, "location": "article.translate.xml:1724", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 263, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99661/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26528, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=1a3405c034e18125", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26528/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.981709Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The <function>clone</function> syscall is the way threads are created in <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>. The syscall prototype looks like this:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "La <function>clone</function> syscall es la forma en que se crean los hilos en <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>. El prototipo de syscall se ve así:" ], "id_hash": -3452126380569654707, "content_hash": -3452126380569654707, "location": "article.translate.xml:1726", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 264, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 18, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99662/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26529, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=50179558d6640a4d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26529/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.990420Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "int linux_clone(l_int flags, void *stack, void *parent_tidptr, int dummy,\nvoid * child_tidptr);" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "int linux_clone(l_int flags, void *stack, void *parent_tidptr, int dummy,\nvoid * child_tidptr);" ], "id_hash": -6416199209925547108, "content_hash": -6416199209925547108, "location": "article.translate.xml:1730", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/programlisting", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 265, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 12, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99663/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26530, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=26f514d0243eeb9c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26530/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:40.998037Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The <varname>flags</varname> parameter tells the syscall how exactly the processes should be cloned. As described above, <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> can create processes sharing various things independently, for example two processes can share file descriptors but not VM, etc. Last byte of the <varname>flags</varname> parameter is the exit signal of the newly created process. The <varname>stack</varname> parameter if non-<literal>NULL</literal> tells, where the thread stack is and if it is <literal>NULL</literal> we are supposed to copy-on-write the calling process stack (i.e. do what normal <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> routine does). The <varname>parent_tidptr</varname> parameter is used as an address for copying out process PID (i.e. thread id) once the process is sufficiently instantiated but is not runnable yet. The <varname>dummy</varname> parameter is here because of the very strange calling convention of this syscall on i386. It uses the registers directly and does not let the compiler do it what results in the need of a dummy syscall. The <varname>child_tidptr</varname> parameter is used as an address for copying out PID once the process has finished forking and when the process exits." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "El <varname>flags</varname> El parámetro le dice al syscall cómo exactamente se deben clonar los procesos. Como se describió anteriormente, <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> puede crear procesos compartiendo varias cosas de forma independiente, por ejemplo, dos procesos pueden compartir descriptores de archivo pero no VM, etc. Último byte del <varname>flags</varname> El parámetro es la señal de salida del proceso recién creado. los <varname>stack</varname> parameter if non-<literal>NULL</literal> dice dónde está la pila de subprocesos y si está <literal>NULL</literal> se supone que debemos copiar al escribir la pila del proceso de llamada (es decir, hacer lo normal <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> lo hace la rutina). los <varname>parent_tidptr</varname> El parámetro se usa como una dirección para copiar el PID del proceso (es decir, el ID del hilo) una vez que el proceso está suficientemente instanciado pero aún no se puede ejecutar. los <varname>tonto</varname> El parámetro está aquí debido a la muy extraña convención de llamada de esta llamada al sistema en i386. Utiliza los registros directamente y no deja que el compilador lo haga, lo que resulta en la necesidad de una llamada al sistema ficticia. los <varname>child_tidptr</varname> El parámetro se utiliza como dirección para copiar PID una vez que el proceso ha terminado de bifurcarse y cuando el proceso finaliza." ], "id_hash": 3677646625374218858, "content_hash": 3677646625374218858, "location": "article.translate.xml:1733", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 266, "has_suggestion": true, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 173, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99664/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26531, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=b309a01eead82a6a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26531/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.010045Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The syscall itself proceeds by setting corresponding flags depending on the flags passed in. For example, <literal>CLONE_VM</literal> maps to RFMEM (sharing of VM), etc. The only nit here is <literal>CLONE_FS</literal> and <literal>CLONE_FILES</literal> because FreeBSD does not allow setting this separately so we fake it by not setting RFFDG (copying of fd table and other fs information) if either of these is defined. This does not cause any problems, because those flags are always set together. After setting the flags the process is forked using the internal <function>fork1</function> routine, the process is instrumented not to be put on a run queue, i.e. not to be set runnable. After the forking is done we possibly reparent the newly created process to emulate <literal>CLONE_PARENT</literal> semantics. Next part is creating the emulation data. Threads in <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> does not signal their parents so we set exit signal to be 0 to disable this. After that setting of <varname>child_set_tid</varname> and <varname>child_clear_tid</varname> is performed enabling the functionality later in the code. At this point we copy out the PID to the address specified by <varname>parent_tidptr</varname>. The setting of process stack is done by simply rewriting thread frame <varname>%esp</varname> register (<varname>%rsp</varname> on amd64). Next part is setting up TLS for the newly created process. After this <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vfork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> semantics might be emulated and finally the newly created process is put on a run queue and copying out its PID to the parent process via <function>clone</function> return value is done." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "La propia llamada al sistema procede estableciendo los indicadores correspondientes en función de los indicadores pasados. Por ejemplo, <literal>CLONE_VM</literal> mapas a RFMEM (compartir VM), etc. La única nit aquí es <literal>CLONE_FS</literal> y <literal>CLONE_FILES</literal>porque FreeBSD no permite configurar esto por separado, por lo que lo falsificamos al no configurar RFFDG (copia de la tabla fd y otra información fs) si alguno de estos está definido. Esto no causa ningún problema, porque esos indicadores siempre se colocan juntos. Después de configurar las banderas, el proceso se bifurca utilizando el <function>fork1</function> rutina, el proceso está instrumentado para que no se ponga en una cola de ejecución, es decir, no se establezca como ejecutable. Una vez finalizada la bifurcación, posiblemente volvamos a hacer el proceso recién creado para emular <literal>CLONE_PARENT</literal> semántica. La siguiente parte es crear los datos de emulación. Hilos en <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> no envía una señal a sus padres, por lo que establecemos la señal de salida en 0 para deshabilitar esto. Después de esa configuración de <varname>child_set_tid</varname> and <varname>child_clear_tid</varname> se realiza habilitando la funcionalidad más adelante en el código. En este punto copiamos el PID a la dirección especificada por <varname>parent_tidptr</varname>. la configuración de la pila de procesos se realiza simplemente reescribiendo el marco del hilo <varname>%esp</varname> registrar (<varname>%rsp</varname> en amd64). La siguiente parte es configurar TLS para el proceso recién creado. Después de este <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vfork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> semantics podría ser emulado y finalmente el proceso recién creado se coloca en una cola de ejecución y copia su PID al proceso padre a través de <function>clone</function> el valor de retorno está hecho." ], "id_hash": -8898207498555174938, "content_hash": -8898207498555174938, "location": "article.translate.xml:1755", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 267, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 241, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99665/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26532, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=0483376cbee6cfe6", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26532/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.020227Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The <function>clone</function> syscall is able and in fact is used for emulating classic <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vfork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> syscalls. Newer glibc in a case of 2.6 kernel uses <function>clone</function> to implement <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vfork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> syscalls." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "El <function>clone</function> syscall es capaz y de hecho se usa para emular el clásico <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> y <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vfork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> syscalls. Glibc más nuevo en un caso de usos del kernel 2.6 <function>clonar</function> para implementar <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> y <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vfork</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> syscalls." ], "id_hash": 3467044271284259785, "content_hash": 3467044271284259785, "location": "article.translate.xml:1786", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 268, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 33, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99666/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26533, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=b01d6a6542738bc9", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26533/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.039336Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Locking" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Cierre" ], "id_hash": 3616045352342293981, "content_hash": 3616045352342293981, "location": "article.translate.xml:1794", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 269, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/92657/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26534, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=b22ec616de108ddd", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26534/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.054840Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "TLS" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "TLS" ], "id_hash": -6083287485047630710, "content_hash": -6083287485047630710, "location": "article.translate.xml:1812", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 271, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99668/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26536, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=2b93d2435328148a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26536/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.087399Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "This section deals with TLS also known as thread local storage." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Esta sección trata sobre TLS, también conocido como almacenamiento local de subprocesos." ], "id_hash": 2672691227044434589, "content_hash": 2672691227044434589, "location": "article.translate.xml:1814", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 272, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 11, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99669/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26537, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=a5174e82ae49529d", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26537/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.102245Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Introduction to threading" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Introducción al subproceso" ], "id_hash": 2234666992120279224, "content_hash": 2234666992120279224, "location": "article.translate.xml:1818", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 273, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99670/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26538, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=9f0321ca209eb0b8", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26538/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.112384Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Threads in computer science are entities within a process that can be scheduled independently from each other. The threads in the process share process wide data (file descriptors, etc.) but also have their own stack for their own data. Sometimes there is a need for process-wide data specific to a given thread. Imagine a name of the thread in execution or something like that. The traditional <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> threading API, <application>pthreads</application> provides a way to do it via <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_key_create</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_setspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_getspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> where a thread can create a key to the thread local data and using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_getspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_getspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> to manipulate those data. You can easily see that this is not the most comfortable way this could be accomplished. So various producers of C/C++ compilers introduced a better way. They defined a new modifier keyword thread that specifies that a variable is thread specific. A new method of accessing such variables was developed as well (at least on i386). The <application>pthreads</application> method tends to be implemented in userspace as a trivial lookup table. The performance of such a solution is not very good. So the new method uses (on i386) segment registers to address a segment, where TLS area is stored so the actual accessing of a thread variable is just appending the segment register to the address thus addressing via it. The segment registers are usually <varname>%gs</varname> and <varname>%fs</varname> acting like segment selectors. Every thread has its own area where the thread local data are stored and the segment must be loaded on every context switch. This method is very fast and used almost exclusively in the whole i386 <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> world. Both FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> implement this approach and it yields very good results. The only drawback is the need to reload the segment on every context switch which can slowdown context switches. FreeBSD tries to avoid this overhead by using only 1 segment descriptor for this while <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> uses 3. Interesting thing is that almost nothing uses more than 1 descriptor (only <application>Wine</application> seems to use 2) so <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> pays this unnecessary price for context switches." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Los subprocesos en ciencias de la computación son entidades dentro de un proceso que se pueden programar de forma independiente entre sí. Los subprocesos del proceso comparten datos de todo el proceso (descriptores de archivo, etc.) pero también tienen su propia pila para sus propios datos. A veces existe la necesidad de datos de todo el proceso específicos para un hilo dado. Imagina un nombre del hilo en ejecución o algo así. Lo tradicional <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> API de subprocesos, <application>pthreads</application> proporciona una forma de hacerlo a través de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_key_create</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_setspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> y <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_getspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> donde un hilo puede crear una clave para los datos locales del hilo y usar <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_getspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> o <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pthread_getspecific</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> para manipular esos datos. Puede ver fácilmente que esta no es la forma más cómoda de lograrlo. Entonces, varios productores de compiladores C / C ++ introdujeron una mejor manera. Definieron un nuevo hilo de palabra clave modificadora que especifica que una variable es específica del hilo. También se desarrolló un nuevo método para acceder a tales variables (al menos en i386). los <application>pthreads</application> El método tiende a implementarse en el espacio de usuario como una tabla de búsqueda trivial. El rendimiento de esta solución no es muy bueno. Por lo tanto, el nuevo método usa (en i386) registros de segmento para direccionar un segmento, donde el área TLS se almacena, por lo que el acceso real de una variable de subproceso es simplemente agregar el registro de segmento a la dirección, por lo que se direcciona a través de ella. Los registros de segmento suelen ser <varname>%gs</varname> and <varname>%fs</varname> actuando como selectores de segmento. Cada hilo tiene su propia área donde se almacenan los datos locales del hilo y el segmento se debe cargar en cada cambio de contexto. Este método es muy rápido y se utiliza casi exclusivamente en todo el i386. <trademark class=\"registered\">UNIX</trademark> mundo. Tanto FreeBSD como <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> implementar este enfoque y produce muy buenos resultados. El único inconveniente es la necesidad de volver a cargar el segmento en cada cambio de contexto que puede ralentizar los cambios de contexto. FreeBSD intenta evitar esta sobrecarga usando solo 1 descriptor de segmento para esto mientras <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> utiliza 3. Lo interesante es que casi nada utiliza más de 1 descriptor (solo <application>Wine</application> parece usar 2) entonces<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> paga este precio innecesario por los cambios de contexto." ], "id_hash": 960278411420594378, "content_hash": 960278411420594378, "location": "article.translate.xml:1820", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 274, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 352, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99671/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26539, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=8d5398209e3370ca", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26539/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.119672Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Segments on i386" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Segmentos en i386" ], "id_hash": -3610413939091134662, "content_hash": -3610413939091134662, "location": "article.translate.xml:1864", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 275, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99672/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26540, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=4de53ba6b45aa73a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26540/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.128643Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The i386 architecture implements the so called segments. A segment is a description of an area of memory. The base address (bottom) of the memory area, the end of it (ceiling), type, protection, etc. The memory described by a segment can be accessed using segment selector registers (<varname>%cs</varname>, <varname>%ds</varname>, <varname>%ss</varname>, <varname>%es</varname>, <varname>%fs</varname>, <varname>%gs</varname>). For example let us suppose we have a segment which base address is 0x1234 and length and this code:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "La arquitectura i386 implementa los llamados segmentos. Un segmento es una descripción de un área de la memoria. La dirección base (parte inferior) del área de memoria, el final de la misma (techo), tipo, protección, etc. Se puede acceder a la memoria descrita por un segmento utilizando registros de selector de segmento (<varname>%cs</varname>, <varname>%ds</varname>, <varname>%ss</varname>, <varname>%es</varname>, <varname>%fs</varname>, <varname>%gs</varname>). Por ejemplo, supongamos que tenemos un segmento cuya dirección base es 0x1234 y longitud y este código:" ], "id_hash": 3651584777549127436, "content_hash": 3651584777549127436, "location": "article.translate.xml:1866", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 276, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 72, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99673/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26541, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=b2ad09021d0a1f0c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26541/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.139739Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "mov %edx,%gs:0x10" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "mov %edx,%gs:0x10" ], "id_hash": 2372713590139423134, "content_hash": 2372713590139423134, "location": "article.translate.xml:1877", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/programlisting", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 277, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99674/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26542, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=a0ed92706600899e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26542/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.147644Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "This will load the content of the <varname>%edx</varname> register into memory location 0x1244. Some segment registers have a special use, for example <varname>%cs</varname> is used for code segment and <varname>%ss</varname> is used for stack segment but <varname>%fs</varname> and <varname>%gs</varname> are generally unused. Segments are either stored in a global GDT table or in a local LDT table. LDT is accessed via an entry in the GDT. The LDT can store more types of segments. LDT can be per process. Both tables define up to 8191 entries." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Esto cargará el contenido del <varname>%edx</varname> registrarse en la ubicación de memoria 0x1244. Algunos registros de segmento tienen un uso especial, por ejemplo <varname>%cs</varname> se utiliza para el segmento de código y<varname>%ss</varname>se utiliza para el segmento de pila pero <varname>%fs</varname> y <varname>%gs</varname> generalmente no se utilizan. Los segmentos se almacenan en una tabla GDT global o en una tabla LDT local. Se accede a LDT a través de una entrada en el GDT. El LDT puede almacenar más tipos de segmentos. LDT puede ser por proceso. Ambas tablas definen hasta 8191 entradas." ], "id_hash": 493410402159751482, "content_hash": 493410402159751482, "location": "article.translate.xml:1879", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 278, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 86, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99675/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26543, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=86d8f2258536f13a", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26543/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.162548Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Implementation on <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> i386" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Implementación en <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> i386" ], "id_hash": 3515961687333544630, "content_hash": 3515961687333544630, "location": "article.translate.xml:1893", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 279, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 5, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99676/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26544, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=b0cb3486b96622b6", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26544/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.173452Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "There are two main ways of setting up TLS in <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>. It can be set when cloning a process using the <function>clone</function> syscall or it can call <function>set_thread_area</function>. When a process passes <literal>CLONE_SETTLS</literal> flag to <function>clone</function>, the kernel expects the memory pointed to by the <varname>%esi</varname> register a <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> user space representation of a segment, which gets translated to the machine representation of a segment and loaded into a GDT slot. The GDT slot can be specified with a number or -1 can be used meaning that the system itself should choose the first free slot. In practice, the vast majority of programs use only one TLS entry and does not care about the number of the entry. We exploit this in the emulation and in fact depend on it." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Hay dos formas principales de configurar TLS en <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>. se puede configurar al clonar un proceso usando el <function>clone</function> syscall o puede llamar <function>set_thread_area</function>. Cuando pasa un proceso <literal>CLONE_SETTLS</literal>bandera a <function>clonar</function>, el kernel espera la memoria apuntada por el <varname>%esi</varname> registrar un<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> representación en el espacio de usuario de un segmento, que se traduce a la representación de máquina de un segmento y se carga en una ranura GDT. La ranura GDT se puede especificar con un número o se puede usar -1, lo que significa que el sistema debe elegir la primera ranura libre. En la práctica, la gran mayoría de los programas utilizan solo una entrada TLS y no se preocupa por el número de la entrada. Aprovechamos esto en la emulación y de hecho dependemos de ello." ], "id_hash": -8338122589942560075, "content_hash": -8338122589942560075, "location": "article.translate.xml:1895", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 280, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 132, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99677/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26545, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=0c4909ae84d04ab5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26545/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.185557Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Emulation of <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> TLS" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Emulation of <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> TLS" ], "id_hash": 50902934349687104, "content_hash": 50902934349687104, "location": "article.translate.xml:1913", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 281, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 5, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99678/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26546, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=80b4d7f2f7f02940", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26546/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.194318Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "i386" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "i386" ], "id_hash": -1759351797457954696, "content_hash": -1759351797457954696, "location": "article.translate.xml:1916", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect4/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 282, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99679/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26547, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=679586dc9592d878", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26547/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.203851Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Loading of TLS for the current thread happens by calling <function>set_thread_area</function> while loading TLS for a second process in <function>clone</function> is done in the separate block in <function>clone</function>. Those two functions are very similar. The only difference being the actual loading of the GDT segment, which happens on the next context switch for the newly created process while <function>set_thread_area</function> must load this directly. The code basically does this. It copies the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> form segment descriptor from the userland. The code checks for the number of the descriptor but because this differs between FreeBSD and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> we fake it a little. We only support indexes of 6, 3 and -1. The 6 is genuine <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> number, 3 is genuine FreeBSD one and -1 means autoselection. Then we set the descriptor number to constant 3 and copy out this to the userspace. We rely on the userspace process using the number from the descriptor but this works most of the time (have never seen a case where this did not work) as the userspace process typically passes in 1. Then we convert the descriptor from the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> form to a machine dependant form (i.e. operating system independent form) and copy this to the FreeBSD defined segment descriptor. Finally we can load it. We assign the descriptor to threads PCB (process control block) and load the <varname>%gs</varname> segment using <function>load_gs</function>. This loading must be done in a critical section so that nothing can interrupt us. The <literal>CLONE_SETTLS</literal> case works exactly like this just the loading using <function>load_gs</function> is not performed. The segment used for this (segment number 3) is shared for this use between FreeBSD processes and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> processes so the <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> emulation layer does not add any overhead over plain FreeBSD." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "La carga de TLS para el hilo actual se realiza llamando <function>set_thread_area</function>mientras carga TLS para un segundo proceso en <function>clone</function>se hace en el bloque separado en <function>clone</function>. Esas dos funciones son muy similares. La única diferencia es la carga real del segmento GDT, que ocurre en el siguiente cambio de contexto para el proceso recién creado mientras <function>set_thread_area</function>debe cargar esto directamente. El código básicamente hace esto. Copia el <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> descriptor de segmento de formulario del área de usuario. El código busca el número del descriptor, pero debido a que este difiere entre FreeBSD y <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> lo fingimos un poco. Solo admitimos índices de 6, 3 y -1. El 6 es genuino <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> número, 3 es uno genuino de FreeBSD y -1 significa autoselección. Luego establecemos el número de descriptor en constante 3 y lo copiamos en el espacio de usuario. Confiamos en el proceso del espacio de usuario utilizando el número del descriptor, pero esto funciona la mayor parte del tiempo (nunca he visto un caso en el que esto no haya funcionado) ya que el proceso del espacio de usuario normalmente pasa en 1. Luego, convertimos el descriptor del <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark>formulario a un formulario dependiente de la máquina (es decir, formulario independiente del sistema operativo) y cópielo en el descriptor de segmento definido de FreeBSD. Finalmente podemos cargarlo. Asignamos el descriptor a los subprocesos PCB (bloque de control de proceso) y cargamos el <varname>%gs</varname> segmento usando<function>load_gs</function>. Esta carga debe hacerse en un tramo crítico para que nada nos interrumpa. los <literal>CLONE_SETTLS</literal> El caso funciona exactamente así, solo la carga usando <function>load_gs</function> no se realiza. El segmento utilizado para esto (segmento número 3) se comparte para este uso entre los procesos FreeBSD y <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> procesos para que el <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> La capa de emulación no agrega ninguna sobrecarga sobre FreeBSD simple." ], "id_hash": -5039255757245215466, "content_hash": -5039255757245215466, "location": "article.translate.xml:1918", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect4/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 283, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 295, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99680/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26548, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=3a10f796810e8d16", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26548/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.218970Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "amd64" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "amd64" ], "id_hash": -1226008040941083138, "content_hash": -1226008040941083138, "location": "article.translate.xml:1955", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect4/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 284, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99681/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26549, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=6efc582eb3ef25fe", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26549/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.225721Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The amd64 implementation is similar to the i386 one but there was initially no 32bit segment descriptor used for this purpose (hence not even native 32bit TLS users worked) so we had to add such a segment and implement its loading on every context switch (when a flag signaling use of 32bit is set). Apart from this the TLS loading is exactly the same just the segment numbers are different and the descriptor format and the loading differs slightly." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "La implementación de amd64 es similar a la de i386, pero inicialmente no se utilizó un descriptor de segmento de 32 bits para este propósito (por lo tanto, ni siquiera los usuarios nativos de TLS de 32 bits funcionaron), por lo que tuvimos que agregar dicho segmento e implementar su carga en cada cambio de contexto (cuando un se establece el uso de señalización de bandera de 32 bits). Aparte de esto, la carga de TLS es exactamente la misma, solo que los números de segmento son diferentes y el formato del descriptor y la carga difieren ligeramente." ], "id_hash": 2275480040002030142, "content_hash": 2275480040002030142, "location": "article.translate.xml:1957", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect4/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 285, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 79, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99682/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26550, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=9f94210a55d00a3e", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26550/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.236166Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Futexes" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Futexes" ], "id_hash": -3873003796585196237, "content_hash": -3873003796585196237, "location": "article.translate.xml:1971", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect2/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 286, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99683/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26551, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=4a4053912accd533", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26551/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.243701Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Introduction to synchronization" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Introducción a la sincronización" ], "id_hash": 7772422486350892377, "content_hash": 7772422486350892377, "location": "article.translate.xml:1974", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 287, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99684/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26552, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=ebdd31123f340d59", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26552/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.251580Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Threads need some kind of synchronization and <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> provides some of them: mutexes for mutual exclusion, read-write locks for mutual exclusion with biased ratio of reads and writes and condition variables for signaling a status change. It is interesting to note that <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> threading API lacks support for semaphores. Those synchronization routines implementations are heavily dependant on the type threading support we have. In pure 1:M (userspace) model the implementation can be solely done in userspace and thus be very fast (the condition variables will probably end up being implemented using signals, i.e. not fast) and simple. In 1:1 model, the situation is also quite clear - the threads must be synchronized using kernel facilities (which is very slow because a syscall must be performed). The mixed M:N scenario just combines the first and second approach or rely solely on kernel. Threads synchronization is a vital part of thread-enabled programming and its performance can affect resulting program a lot. Recent benchmarks on FreeBSD operating system showed that an improved sx_lock implementation yielded 40% speedup in <firstterm>ZFS</firstterm> (a heavy sx user), this is in-kernel stuff but it shows clearly how important the performance of synchronization primitives is." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Los subprocesos necesitan algún tipo de sincronización y <trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> proporciona algunos de ellos: mutex para exclusión mutua, bloqueos de lectura y escritura para exclusión mutua con una proporción sesgada de lecturas y escrituras y variables de condición para señalar un cambio de estado. Es interesante notar que<trademark class=\"registered\">POSIX</trademark> La API de subprocesos carece de soporte para semáforos. Esas implementaciones de rutinas de sincronización dependen en gran medida del tipo de soporte de subprocesos que tenemos. En el modelo puro 1: M (espacio de usuario), la implementación se puede realizar únicamente en el espacio de usuario y, por lo tanto, es muy rápida (las variables de condición probablemente terminarán implementándose mediante señales, es decir, no rápido) y simple. En el modelo 1: 1, la situación también es bastante clara: los subprocesos deben sincronizarse utilizando las instalaciones del kernel (lo cual es muy lento porque se debe realizar una llamada al sistema). El escenario mixto M: N simplemente combina el primer y segundo enfoque o se basa únicamente en el kernel. La sincronización de subprocesos es una parte vital de la programación habilitada para subprocesos y su rendimiento puede afectar mucho al programa resultante. Pruebas de rendimiento recientes en el sistema operativo FreeBSD mostraron que una implementación mejorada de sx_lock produjo un 40% de aceleración en <firstterm>ZFS</firstterm> (un usuario pesado de sx), esto es algo dentro del kernel pero muestra claramente cuán importante es el rendimiento de las primitivas de sincronización." ], "id_hash": -5533858468812540047, "content_hash": -5533858468812540047, "location": "article.translate.xml:1976", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 288, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 198, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99685/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26553, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=3333c90ad1243771", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26553/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.260638Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Futexes introduction" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Introducción a los futexes" ], "id_hash": 6228622067454832883, "content_hash": 6228622067454832883, "location": "article.translate.xml:2008", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 290, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99687/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26555, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=d67082c50acdf0f3", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26555/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.288811Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> implements 1:1 threading, i.e. it has to use in-kernel synchronization primitives. As stated earlier, well written threaded programs have little lock contention. So a typical sequence could be performed as two atomic increase/decrease mutex reference counter, which is very fast, as presented by the following example:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> implementa subprocesos 1: 1, es decir, tiene que usar primitivas de sincronización en el kernel. Como se indicó anteriormente, los programas con subprocesos bien escritos tienen poca contención de bloqueo. Entonces, una secuencia típica podría realizarse como dos contadores de referencia mutex de aumento/disminución atómicos, que es muy rápido, como se presenta en el siguiente ejemplo:" ], "id_hash": 3327955423491252255, "content_hash": 3327955423491252255, "location": "article.translate.xml:2010", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 291, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 48, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99688/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26556, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=ae2f45d34d87e01f", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26556/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.299346Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);\n....\npthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);\n....\npthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);" ], "id_hash": 3837547330020178483, "content_hash": 3837547330020178483, "location": "article.translate.xml:2017", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/programlisting", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 292, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 3, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99689/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26557, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=b541b4f6e699fa33", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26557/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.310629Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "1:1 threading forces us to perform two syscalls for those mutex calls, which is very slow." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "El subproceso 1: 1 nos obliga a realizar dos llamadas al sistema para esas llamadas mutex, lo cual es muy lento." ], "id_hash": 4595527834524327141, "content_hash": 4595527834524327141, "location": "article.translate.xml:2021", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 293, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 16, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99690/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26558, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=bfc69837a43e1ce5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26558/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.322783Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Futex API" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Futex API" ], "id_hash": 2803599096756265340, "content_hash": 2803599096756265340, "location": "article.translate.xml:2033", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/title", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 295, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 2, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99692/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26560, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=a6e862863ec3617c", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26560/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.347878Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "The futex syscall looks like this:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "La llamada al sistema futex se ve así:" ], "id_hash": -2476206495682445099, "content_hash": -2476206495682445099, "location": "article.translate.xml:2035", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 296, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 6, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99693/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26561, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=5da2bf4fca5540d5", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26561/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.358260Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "int futex(void *uaddr, int op, int val, struct timespec *timeout, void *uaddr2, int val3);" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "int futex(void *uaddr, int op, int val, struct timespec *timeout, void *uaddr2, int val3);" ], "id_hash": -2593757305794673445, "content_hash": -2593757305794673445, "location": "article.translate.xml:2037", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/programlisting", "flags": "no-wrap", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 297, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 14, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99694/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26562, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=5c011f790288c4db", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26562/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.370638Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "In this example <varname>uaddr</varname> is an address of the mutex in userspace, <varname>op</varname> is an operation we are about to perform and the other parameters have per-operation meaning." ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "En este ejemplo <varname>uaddr</varname>es una dirección del mutex en el espacio de usuario, <varname>op</varname> es una operación que estamos a punto de realizar y los demás parámetros tienen un significado por operación." ], "id_hash": -8146830374926344857, "content_hash": -8146830374926344857, "location": "article.translate.xml:2039", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 298, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 28, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99695/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26563, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=0ef0a4f011271d67", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26563/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.382856Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "Futexes implement the following operations:" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "Los Futexes implementan las siguientes operaciones:" ], "id_hash": 7179240773740764902, "content_hash": 7179240773740764902, "location": "article.translate.xml:2044", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: sect3/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 20, "fuzzy": false, "translated": true, "approved": false, "position": 299, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": false, "num_words": 5, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99696/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26564, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=e3a1c9724bd19ee6", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26564/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.392243Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "<literal>FUTEX_WAIT</literal>" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "<literal>FUTEX_WAIT</literal>" ], "id_hash": 4891975695687384453, "content_hash": 4891975695687384453, "location": "article.translate.xml:2048", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 300, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99697/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26565, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=c3e3c9f9f74a7d85", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26565/?format=api", "explanation": "", "extra_flags": "", "pending": false, "timestamp": "2019-10-20T12:10:41.401750Z" }, { "translation": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/translations/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?format=api", "source": [ "<literal>FUTEX_WAKE</literal>" ], "previous_source": "", "target": [ "<literal>FUTEX_WAKE</literal>" ], "id_hash": -6071589975278023969, "content_hash": -6071589975278023969, "location": "article.translate.xml:2051", "context": "", "note": "(itstool) path: listitem/para", "flags": "", "labels": [], "state": 10, "fuzzy": true, "translated": false, "approved": false, "position": 301, "has_suggestion": false, "has_comment": false, "has_failing_check": true, "num_words": 1, "source_unit": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/99698/?format=api", "priority": 100, "id": 26566, "web_url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/translate/freebsd-doc/articles_linux-emulation/es/?checksum=2bbd61160dbb0adf", "url": "https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/api/units/26566/?format=api", "explanation": "", 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