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dbaio
carlavilla@FreeBSD.org
A big thanks to Luigi Rizzo for the implementation of the bridge code in FreeBSD and for the time he has dedicated to me answering all of my related questions.
Many parts of this article have been taken, updated and adapted from an old text about bridging, edited by Nick Sayer. A pair of inspirations are due to an introduction on bridging by Steve Peterson.
Muchas partes de este artículo han sido obtenidas, actualizadas y adaptadas de un texto antiguo sobre el bridging, editado por Nick Sayer. Unas cuantas inspiraciones se debdeas muy inspiradoras vienen ade una introducción sobre el bridging deque escribió Steve Peterson.
People that are used to setting up firewalls are probably also used to either having a <option>reset</option> or a <option>forward</option> rule for ident packets (<acronym>TCP</acronym> port 113). Unfortunately, this is not an applicable option with the bridge, so the best thing is to simply pass them to their destination. As long as that destination machine is not running an ident daemon, this is relatively harmless. The alternative is dropping connections on port 113, which creates some problems with services like <acronym>IRC</acronym> (the ident probe must timeout).
There are two rules for passing <acronym>SMTP</acronym> and <acronym>DNS</acronym> traffic towards the mail server and the name server, if you have them. Obviously the whole rule set should be flavored to personal taste, this is only a specific example (rule format is described accurately in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipfw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> man page). Note that in order for <quote>relay</quote> and <quote>ns</quote> to work, name service lookups must work <emphasis>before</emphasis> the bridge is enabled. This is an example of making sure that you set the IP on the correct network card. Alternatively it is possible to specify the IP address instead of the host name (required if the machine is IP-less).
Hay dos reglas para permitir el tráfico <acronym>SMTP</acronym> y <acronym>DNS</acronym> hacia los servidores de correo y de nombres, si dispone de ellos. Obviamente, todo el conjunto de reglas debe ser definido de acuerdo con sus preferencias personales,; esto es solo un ejemplo específico (el formato de la regla se describe con precisión en la página del manual de <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipfw</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>). Tenga en cuenta que para que el <quote>relay</quote> y el <quote>ns</quote> funcionen, las búsquedas del servicio de nombres deben funcionar <emphasis>antes de</emphasis> que el bridge esté activado. Este es un ejemplo de cómo asegurarse de configurar la IP en la tarjeta de red correcta. Como alternativa, puedeOtra forma de hacer las cosas sería especificar la dirección IP en lugar del nombre del host (requerido si la máquina no tiene IP).