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Translation Information
| Project website | docs.freebsd.org/en |
|---|---|
| Translation process |
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| Translation license | BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" License |
| Filemask | documentation/content/*/books/handbook/x11/_index.po |
| Translation file |
Download
documentation/content/zh_CN/books/handbook/x11/_index.po
|
None
An installation of FreeBSD using bsdinstall does not automatically install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes how to install and configure Xorg, which provides the open source X Window System used to provide a graphical environment. It then describes how to find and install a desktop environment or window manager.
使用<application>bsdinstall</application>安装FreeBSD并不会自动安装图型化使用者界面。本章将说明如何安装并设定<application>Xorg</application>，该应用程序提供开放源码的X Window系统来提供图型化环境。接着会说明如何找到并安装桌面环境或视窗管理程序。
X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and adopts a "client-server" model. In this model, the "X server" runs on the computer that has the keyboard, monitor, and mouse attached. The server's responsibility includes tasks such as managing the display, handling input from the keyboard and mouse, and handling input or output from other devices such as a tablet or a video projector. This confuses some people, because the X terminology is exactly backward to what they expect. They expect the "X server" to be the big powerful machine down the hall, and the "X client" to be the machine on their desk.
X最初设计是以网络为中心，采用<quote>client-server</quote>构架。在此构架下<quote>X服务器</quote>在有键盘、屏幕、鼠标的电脑上运作。该服务器负责的工作包含管理显示、处理来自键盘、鼠标的输入及来自其他设备（如平板或或图像投影机）的输入或输出。这点可能会让人感到困惑，因为X使用的术语与一般的认知刚好相反。一般认知会以为<quote>X服务器</quote>是要在最强悍的主机上执行，而<quote>X客户端</quote>才是在桌机上面执行，实际上却是相反。
X does not dictate what windows should look like on-screen, how to move them around with the mouse, which keystrokes should be used to move between windows, what the title bars on each window should look like, whether or not they have close buttons on them, and so on. Instead, X delegates this responsibility to a separate window manager application. There are http://www.xwinman.org/[dozens of window managers] available. Each window manager provides a different look and feel: some support virtual desktops, some allow customized keystrokes to manage the desktop, some have a "Start" button, and some are themeable, allowing a complete change of the desktop's look-and-feel. Window managers are available in the [.filename]#x11-wm# category of the Ports Collection.
X并不规定屏幕上的视窗该长什么样、要如何移动鼠标指标、要用什么键来在视窗切换、每个视窗的标题列长相，及是否该有关闭按钮，等等。事实上，X把这部分交给所谓的视窗管理程序来管理。可用的<link xlink:href="http://www.xwinman.org/">视窗管理程序有很多种</link>，每一种视窗管理程序都提供不同的使用界面风格：有些支持虚拟桌面，有些允许自定义组合键来管理桌面，有些有<quote>开始</quote>钮，有些则是可更换布景主题，可自行安装新的布景主题以更换外观。视窗管理程序可在Port套件集的<filename>x11-wm</filename>分类找到。
One focus policy is called "click-to-focus". In this model, a window becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the "focus-follows-mouse" policy, the window that is under the mouse pointer has focus and the focus is changed by pointing at another window. If the mouse is over the root window, then this window is focused. In the "sloppy-focus" model, if the mouse is moved over the root window, the most recently used window still has the focus. With sloppy-focus, focus is only changed when the cursor enters a new window, and not when exiting the current window. In the "click-to-focus" policy, the active window is selected by mouse click. The window may then be raised and appear in front of all other windows. All keystrokes will now be directed to this window, even if the cursor is moved to another window.
通常较为人熟悉的聚焦政策叫做<quote>click-to-focus</quote>，这个模式中，鼠标点选到的视窗便会处于作用中（Active）的状态。在<quote>focus-follows-mouse</quote>模式鼠标指标所在的视窗便是作用中的视窗，只要把鼠标移到其他视窗就可以改变作用中的视窗，若鼠标移到根视窗（Root Window），则会聚焦在根视窗。在<quote>sloppy-focus</quote>模式，既使鼠标移到根视窗，仍然会聚焦在最后聚焦的视窗上，此模式只有当鼠标进入新的视窗时才会聚焦于该视窗，而非离开目前视窗时。<quote>click-to-focus</quote>模式用鼠标点击来决定作用中的视窗，且该视窗会被置顶到所有其他视窗之前，即使鼠标移到其他视窗，所有的键盘输入仍会由该视窗所接收。
Widget is a term for all of the items in the user interface that can be clicked or manipulated in some way. This includes buttons, check boxes, radio buttons, icons, and lists. A widget toolkit is a set of widgets used to create graphical applications. There are several popular widget toolkits, including Qt, used by KDE, and GTK+, used by GNOME. As a result, applications will have a different look and feel, depending upon which widget toolkit was used to create the application.
视窗元件指的是在所有在使用者界面上可被点选或操作的项目，这包括按钮、核选方块、单选按钮、图标及清单。视窗元件工具包（Widget toolkit）是指用来建立图型化应用程序的一系列的视窗元件。目前有数个有名的视窗元件工具包，包含<application>KDE</application>所使用的Qt、<application>GNOME</application>所使用的GTK+。因此应用程序会依其开发时所选用的视窗元件工具包而有不同的外观。
| 388 | File in original format as translated in the repository | gettext PO file | |||||||
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| 388 | All strings, converted files enriched with comments; suitable for offline translation | CSV | gettext MO | gettext PO | TBX | TMX | XLIFF with gettext extensions | XLIFF 1.1 | XLSX |
| 292 | Strings needing action, converted files enriched with comments; suitable for offline translation | CSV | gettext MO | gettext PO | TBX | TMX | XLIFF with gettext extensions | XLIFF 1.1 | XLSX |
Statistics
| Percent | Strings | Words | Chars | ||
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| Total | 388 | 7,356 | 51,195 | ||
| Translated | 24% | 96 | 882 | 5,533 | |
| Needs editing | 18% | 70 | 1,817 | 12,964 | |
| Failing checks | 9% | 37 | 396 | 3,474 |
Last activity
| Last change | April 12, 2021, 11:03 a.m. | |||
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| Last author | Anonymous | |||